1. Select excellent seeds and select seed potatoes
The choice of seed potatoes depends on the specific use. Generally, choose the excellent varieties with strong resistance, drought and barren tolerance, and less pests and diseases. The current purple potato varieties are mainly purple potato king, Xinzi, Lingzi, Qunzi No. 1, Jingshu No. 6, Yuzi 263, Yanzi 176, Violet, Jihei and so on. Among them, the fresh food varieties "Ningzishu No. 1" and "Ningzishu No. 4", the processing varieties used for processing "Japan Aya Purple (Agriculture and Forestry 47)", and the dual-purpose varieties "Eshu No. 8" ". The selection of seed potatoes requires no diseases and insect pests, and the size of the potato pieces is 100-250 grams. After selecting the seeds, spraying 800 times solution of new high-fat film after drying treatment can repel pests and diseases, isolate virus infection, strengthen breathing strength and increase the germination rate of seeds.
2. Early mulching with film to cultivate strong seedlings
Seed selection and breeding is an important stage of purple potato cultivation. Purple potato seedlings can adopt the "two-stage seedling method". The first stage is about 1.2m wide and 20-30cm high in the shed, about 15-20cm deep in the shed, and a layer of organic fertilizer, soil manure and cattle pen are placed on the bottom of the bed. Manure and grass can be used, and after pouring human and animal manure and covering soil. Generally, it is better to insert potato seedlings horizontally and diagonally. The new high-fat film is sprayed on the surface of the plant, which can prevent the infection of pathogens, improve the ability to resist natural disasters, increase the intensity of photosynthesis, and protect the seedlings to thrive. The density of row seeding should be about 2-3 cm between potato pieces. After arranging the seed potatoes, cover them with soil to make them flat and uneven. The seed potatoes do not touch the cow dung and the soil is covered until the seed potatoes are not seen. Then cover with thin straw, pour the entire seedling bed with clear manure water, and then buckle the shed to increase the temperature and keep the moisture; the second stage is around mid-April, when the seedling height is 5-7 cm, the seedlings are transplanted, and the row spacing is 35 cm × 70 cm, and cover the small arch shed, continue to heat and nurse seedlings. During nursery, pay attention to ventilation and anti-burn seedlings, top dressing to promote growth. In the process of raising seedlings, they should be cut in time. When the sprout grows to more than 20 cm, start cutting. The root of the seedling should be treated with a new high-fat film 800 times solution. Adapt to the new environment.
3. Prepare the land and apply plantar fertilizer
Purple sweet potato is suitable for planting in plots with high terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage. The soil is preferably loose and fertile, and the sandy soil with high organic matter is the best. Deeply turned into a ridge, the ridge width is 40-50 cm, the ridge height is 25-30 cm, and the ridge distance is 66-86 cm. In the process of land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally apply 15-20 tons of rotted chicken manure per mu, 20-25 kg of compound fertilizer, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate. Spread all chicken manure before ploughing, and apply fertilizer in furrow when plowing, and spread 3% per mu along the furrow. Phoxim granules 2-2.5 kg to prevent underground pests.
4. Early and timely insertion, reasonable dense planting
Raise the seedlings, transplant them in a timely manner, and water them in time when there is a drought. Generally, it is best to plant from mid-May to early June, generally single-row planting, plant spacing 30-35 cm. The suitable planting density of purple potato per mu is 3000-3500. The best time for planting is when the soil is not dry or wet on a cloudy day or when the soil moisture is appropriate when the weather is sunny. When the temperature is high on a sunny day, it is best to plant in the afternoon. The planting cannot be carried out in heavy rain to prevent the formation of wood stems.
5. Strengthen management and timely control seedlings
Purple potato cultivation must be well managed in the field. According to the needs of the crops, timely mid-tillage and weeding, combined with mid-tillage, soil cultivation and ridge lifting, reasonable watering, timely lifting, loosening, and tearing of root hair. Guo Zhuang Ti Ling makes the underground fruit nutrient transportation conduit thicker, improves the expansion of ground fruit, smooth fruit surface, robust fruit type, and improves yield. At the same time, we must pay attention to pest control. Purple potato has fewer pests and diseases, but it can't be paralyzed. Underground pests include ground tigers and red ants. Spraying targeted drugs and adding new high-fat film greatly improves the effective ingredient rate of pesticides. Insect pests in the field mainly include borers and leaf curlers. Purple potato diseases occur frequently in the high-temperature and rainy seasons in summer, and are controlled by Dasheng M-45, carbendazim and other agents at the initial stage of the disease. In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to control them at an early stage, prohibit high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides, and improve the quality of purple potato products. Fertilizer should be timely applied during plant growth. If the base fertilizer is sufficient, topdressing may not be required in the early stage of growth. On the contrary, about 10 days after the insertion, the first weeding and topdressing should be applied to raise the seedling fertilizer. After 40-50 days, combine with cultivating and apply top-up potato fertilizer. After 60 days of growth, the potato tuber expansion period should not be followed. When the plant grows to a certain degree, attention should be paid to seedling control and topping. When the potato vine grows to 80 cm, the top bud of the main vine should be knocked off in time to promote the side vine, so that the nutrients can be sent to the potato, and the weeds should be removed at the same time. Generally in July-August, weeding can be combined with weeding for 1-2 times to prevent indefinite potato and ensure yield. Note that you only need to lift the vines, you can't turn the vines, and stop the vines after mid-August.
Six, timely harvest to ensure quality
Purple sweet potato harvested too early will significantly reduce the yield of roots. When harvested too late, the roots are often affected by low temperature and cold, and their storability is greatly reduced. Therefore, it must be harvested in a timely manner. Generally, in mid and late October, when the average temperature drops to 15 ℃ on the day, the growth of stems and leaves and the expansion of tubers stops, and the harvest can be started, at the latest before the frost. Choose purple and sunny days to harvest purple potatoes, so as not to have more soil on the potato pieces, which will affect the appearance of the product.
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