There are three main features of the spring preparation of fertilizer, which can be summarized into 6 characters: as soon as possible, complete, and counterpart.
"As soon as possible" is to prepare fertilizers as soon as possible. The fertilizers that need special attention in the spring are: early spring crops such as spring wheat and potato in the north; weak seedling winter wheats that need to be topped with green manure; and winter wheat, winter rapeseed, citrus and other crops that require early spring fertilization in the Yangtze River Valley; Greenhouse or greenhouse vegetables. The spring sowing of crops must be combined with the use of basal fertilizers for soil preparation, requiring that mature manures be prepared as soon as possible; if urea is used as a basal fertilizer, it must be applied some days in advance so that it can have a microbial transformation process in the soil. In short, the preparation of the spring to highlight an "early" word, can not "cuckish for a while," should be at least 15 to 20 days before the broadcast fertilizer will be ready.
“Complete†means that the fertilizers needed in the spring are varied, including organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, compound fertilizers, and single fertilizers. To combine local characteristics with their own needs, all kinds of fertilizers needed are prepared. For example, spring crops are often combined with basal before spring sowing, and generally require the use of compound fertilizers, or combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium mono-fertilizers such as urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride, and some need to be applied in appropriate amounts. Trace element fertilizers; organic fertilizers promote the application of field crops, and must be applied to fruit trees and vegetables, but must be prepared in advance; greenhouses and fruit trees and field crops are different, even if the top dressing in spring, but also apply fertilizer or nitrogen phosphorus Potash fertilizer application.
The counterpart is to use fertilizers suitable for their own soil and crop characteristics in terms of fertilizer type and nutrient ratio. For example, rice, wheat, corn, cotton, rapeseed and other field crops generally have a total nitrogen requirement of 2 times or more per quarter of phosphorus, of which about half of nitrogen is used as a base fertilizer and the other half is used as a top-dressing fertilizer. Compound fertilizers with similar nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient distribution ratios should be used; if one-time fertilization is applied, such as the northwestern arid agricultural area and the stratified fertilization under the mechanized conditions in the northeast, compound fertilizer with a nitrogen and phosphorus ratio of about 2:1 should be used. In addition, the amount of basal fertilizer to be fertilized is more appropriate than that of sub-fertilizer. The proportion of potassium in compound fertilizers mainly depends on the area, in which the proportion of calcareous soil in the north is lower and the proportion of acid soil in the south is higher.
How to determine the amount of fertilizer used by farmers when preparing fertilizer? How much fertilizer is ready?
Fertilizer application amount can refer to the amount of fertilizer used in previous years. If high yield or planting area is expanded, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased. Here is a simple estimation method. Take field crops as an example, the current total nitrogen application rate (N) for high-yielding one-season crops is 8 to 15 kg per mu, and the yield for high-yield corn, wheat, and rice with 500 kg per mu is generally not less than 12 kg (Northeast Black Soil Such fertile soil can be further reduced). About half of nitrogen is used as basal fertilizer, and the other half is used as top dressing, once or in divided doses. The amount of P fertilizer (P2O5) is generally not more than half of the amount of nitrogen applied except for winter wheat and rapeseed; the amount of potassium fertilizer (K2O) is often between Between the amount of nitrogen applied and the amount of phosphorus applied, the north soil tends to use phosphorus, and the southern soil tends to use nitrogen. These are the amount of nutrients, divided by the nutrient content on the surface of the fertilizer bag to obtain the specific fertilizer application amount.
The above estimation method is suitable for preparing fertilizers, and the more accurate fertilizer amount should be determined according to the soil test results. Specifically, it can be applied to fertilizer experts and experienced farmers.
What problems should farmers pay attention to when preparing fertilizers?
When we investigated the agricultural production and the fertilizer market, we found that many farmers’ friends pay more attention to the true and false fertilizer prices and price when purchasing chemical fertilizers. They rarely pay attention to whether the compound fertilizer ratio is suitable for their own soil and crop characteristics. As mentioned earlier, basal fertilizers should generally use ternary compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of approximately 1:1. If it is a one-time application of fertilizer, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer should be used, and the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately increased.
What are the characteristics of the current fertilizer market? What impact does farmers have on chemical fertilizers?
In the past year, affected by the weak economic environment at home and abroad, coupled with overcapacity in China's fertilizer industry, the demand for fertilizer market conditions has steadily declined, and prices have generally declined. This provides more room for the selection of fertilizers. However, due to more intense competition among merchants, the fertilizer market has become more and more complicated, and it is even more difficult for farmers' friends to buy genuine fertilizer products. Therefore, when it comes to purchasing compound fertilizers and all kinds of so-called new types of fertilizers, we must look at three "certificates", namely, product registration certificates, production licenses, and product quality standards. Since individual farmers do not have the conditions to check the quality of fertilizers or whether they contain harmful substances, they should go to trusted merchants to purchase well-known brand products, and they must keep a good record of purchasing fertilizer.
If the amount of fertilizer purchased is large, how should it be reasonably stored?
The basic requirements for reasonable storage are to prevent the loss of nutrients from fertilizers, reduce the agglomeration of fertilizers, prevent poisoning of humans and animals, and fires. Do not stack ammonium nitrogenous fertilizers with seeds and microbial fertilizers to prevent volatile ammonia from damaging seeds and active microorganisms. Especially for planting specialized households, if the amount of fertilizer purchased is large, the fertilizer can be stored in a warehouse sheltered from rain and ventilation, or temporarily stored in a place with high dryness, no accumulation of water, and fireproof conditions. Place reeds or plastic sheets on the floor before stacking, and then cover with plastic sheets to prevent rain and snow from getting wet.
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