Entering July is the period when the jujube tree is relatively deprived of nutrients. Jujube fruit growth, root recovery, and leaf growth all require more nutrient supply. To this end, strengthening the management of soil and fertilizer water, promoting the healing of A, and quickly restoring tree vigor is the key point of management at this stage. At the same time, this period is also a period of high incidence of pests and diseases, so we must strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, lay the foundation for quality and efficiency of Zhanhua winter jujube.
July Zhanhua Dongzao how to control?
First, timely fertilizer
According to the requirements of winter jujube tree fertilizer, a reasonable ratio of fertilizer. Organic fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and medium-, micro-fertilizers are mixed and used. For chemical fertilizers, three-element compound fertilizers with medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, and high-potassium fertilizers should be selected and used in combination with organic fertilizers. The fertilization method should be applied as a radial groove or strip groove. Fertilizer time should be divided into two times, that is, once in mid-July and once in mid-August. In particular, Zhanhua Dongzao No. 2, but also to increase the amount of fertilizer to ensure that 2 top dressing.
Second, do a good job of fruit thinning
Although some gardens are not well-established this year, and dense gardens are quite common, it is an important measure to ensure the quality and quality of fruit.
Third, to strengthen integrated pest management
Due to the frequent extreme weather last year, which resulted in the lack of reserve nutrients in the field trees, it is difficult for some of the date plants to set a fruit in this year's period, and the disease is also increasing. For example, erythroderma, scab, dermatophytosis (everyone calls it snowflake disease), etc., not only occur early, but also ferocious. In the face of this situation, the following prevention and control opinions are proposed:
(I) Occurrence and control of spot disease and rotten fruit disease of winter jujube
The occurrence of spot disease of winter jujube should pay attention to the following three aspects:
First, pathological rot caused by over-arming or fertilizer burning caused by malnutrition and decay of the tree: Starting from healthy cultivation, efforts should be made to cultivate tree vigor and improve the resistance of the tree; avoid over-opening. Correctly correct the mouth and actively prevent and control the harm of the nail beetle. Applying the correct method to the top dressing should be done by using radiation-like fertilization methods. Do not over-fertilize one time. Do not use a pit to apply fertilizer to avoid burning roots. It can prevent the occurrence of spot disease of winter jujube.
Second, during the period of fruit enlargement, excessive use of hormones such as 920 and expansin is avoided. The size of the fruit basically lies in the use of fertilizers and the nutritional status of the tree. The nutritional status is insufficient. There are more 920, swelling elements, and the fruit is also big. This kind of garden with excessive use of hormones not only reduces the quality of the fruit, but also seriously reduces the palatability, making storage and transportation extremely perishable. Therefore, the use of hormones on the production of winter jujube harmless, resolutely put an end to the abuse of hormones and the phenomenon of swelling of the phenomenon.
Thirdly, the spot disease caused by sucking pests: spotted disease and rotten fruit disease. This pathogen infects fruit, which is consistent with the characteristics of weak parasites and its pathogenicity is limited. That is, for healthy fruits, the pathogen is not susceptible to disease. Pathogenic pathogens are mostly infected by the sores of infected fruit. This is one of the important features of this type of disease. The prevention and treatment of the early onset of spot disease in winter jujube can obtain better control effect. If the disease is not controlled in time, the soreness formed by the diseased fruit is the infestation point of the fungal disease, and it is highly susceptible to other fungal diseases. The types of diseases that often infect mainly include rotten diseases such as anthrax ringworm and other rotten diseases. It is a major factor causing a lot of rot and fruit drop in the later period.
(b) Green leaf spot
After the research on the green leaf spot of winter jujube in recent years, it was determined that the occurrence of green leaf spot was caused by the damage of pests such as leaf sucking and sucking mouthparts.
Distribution of the field: Distribution of the disease in the field of green spot, after three years of observation: First, the mass of land near the ditch is heavy; secondly, the occurrence of weeds in the ground is heavy; thirdly, the management of the extensive garden is heavy; Fourth, do not attach importance to the occurrence of pest control.
Prevention and control strategies: 1. Environmental protection of the gardens, weeds along ditches along roads and water remediation as important contents, creating environmental conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases; 2. Strengthening forecasting and forecasting of diseases and pests, establishing practical and early warning mechanisms during the occurrence of pests and diseases, Strengthen the upload and release of network information to ensure the circulation of pest and disease information; 3. According to the characteristics of pests and diseases, from July to early September, strive to achieve full coverage during the period. Pay special attention to the drought time of more than 3-5 days, be sure to do drugs in the field.
Control methods: Beneficipa 1500 spray control, and strive to fight on July 25, August 10, August 25 three times over medicine.
(III) Physiological diseases
In recent years, due to improper fertilization, poor management, and excessive use of hormones, many fruit diseases have occurred. For example, black skin disease. Black skin disease, jujube farmers called snowflake disease, iron disease, the area of ​​occurrence has been expanding year by year, the degree of occurrence has become increasingly serious.
This disease, through investigations in recent years, has initially confirmed that it is a physiological disease caused by nutritional problems. By summing up the experience of everyone, once this disease occurs, the prevention and treatment will be ineffective. After a few years of research, it has been found that: the use of organic fertilizer (higher soil organic matter content), pay attention to increase potassium fertilizer, and the tree reserves more nutritious Zaoyuan The occurrence of lighter; and spring pure use of urea, diamine, ammonium bicarbonate and other phosphorus fertilizer Zaoyuan, excessive use of swelling during fruit expansion during the use of drugs, such as 1990, benzyl amino purine and other drugs, prone to this disease.
Therefore, increase organic manure, increase soil organic matter content, increase potash fertilizer, coordinate the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, pay attention to the management of the later period (from September to the fall period), and increase the nutrient reserve in the later period of the tree to prevent this The foundation of the disease. It is suggested that we should start from the requirements of healthy cultivation and strengthen investment, especially the input of fertilizers, start from healthy cultivation, strive to cultivate tree vigor, and coordinate the relationship between nutritional elements, which is the key to solving the problem.
With reasonable drug control: to control jujube rust, spot disease as the main line, do a good job of routine prevention and treatment of young fruit disease, you can receive better control effect. Do not ignore the prevention and control of another disease because of a disease. Comprehensive consideration must be given to the full control of the diseases and pests of winter jujube.
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