Pleurotus ostreatus pest control in Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation; pests and diseases is a roadblocker. Understanding and timely prevention and control are of great significance to normal production. Pests and diseases are found; if measures are not taken in time, it will seriously affect the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, sometimes resulting in no harvest. Therefore, good and highly resistant strains should be selected, scientific management should be strengthened, and environmental conditions that are conducive to the growth of the mushroom and not conducive to the propagation of diseases and pests should be prevented. Now common pest control methods are introduced below: Diseases and diseases are commonly seen in the following two categories: (1) In the cultivation process, the environmental conditions and management methods are not appropriate; causing abnormal physiological activities. We call it a physiological disease. Long mycelium wind: The hyphae of the mycelium are thick and affect the mushroom. The main reason for the formation of hyphae is the high air humidity and poor ventilation. Prevent measures, strengthen ventilation, and reduce humidity. Pleurotus ostreatus: The fruiting body has a very small cap and the stipe length is long. This is mainly caused by lack of oxygen and poor ventilation. As long as the ventilation is enhanced, attention to light can be prevented. Pleurotus ostreatus wither: Mushroom bud or fruiting body stagnates, gradually shrinking, drying and rot. The main reasons for this are insufficient moisture and excessive ventilation. Prevention measures, increase the relative humidity of the air, do not make the material surface dry, do not allow the wind to blow the mushroom buds or fruit bodies. Pleurotus ostreatus injury: After spraying the fruiting body (dichlorvos), the cap of the mushroom stops growing, and a black border is formed on the edge and rolled. To prohibit the use of some harmful pesticides. Rust spot: Pleurotus ostreatus cap and stipe produce rust brown spots. The reason for this is mainly due to poor ventilation and excessive humidity. Prevent measures, strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity. (2) The fruit body is contaminated by other bacteria causing morbidity or death. We call it an epidemic disease. The common disease of Pleurotus ostreatus is dry bulb disease (brown spot disease), which mainly damages its normal growth. The symptoms were white villous mycelium on the fruit body surface, brown spots, and atrophy and chapped cap. Prevention Law: Reduce the temperature and enhance ventilation. The ward sprayed 2% formaldehyde or 1:500 times carbendazim. 2. Miscellaneous bacteria are harmful to dried mushrooms, and there are many kinds of them: (1) Penicillium and Trichoderma: Penicillium was white at the beginning and became pale green later. Trichoderma is green at the beginning and gradually deepens afterwards. High humidity, poor ventilation, and acidic environments are prone to occur. Prevention: Dig out the contaminated area and sprinkle with carbendazim or quicklime. In-plant contamination should be completely burned or buried deeply. (2) Streptomyces: In the condition of 25°C-30°C, spores germinated for 6 hours to form a large amount of cotton-like hyphae, and a large number of pink conidia were generated after 48 hours. The use of 1:500 times carbendazim or mildew rust in the cultivation of culture materials can be avoided. If it occurs, destroy or bury it early. (3) Gypsum-like mold: It often occurs on the surface of the culture material and produces a powdery dense white hyphae. Control methods: increase the content of phosphate fertilizer, spraying 1:7 acetic acid solution. (4) Aspergillus flavus: The mycelium began to be white and a large amount of yellow spores were produced later. High temperature (above 27°C) occurs when the culture material is partially dry. Control methods, reduce the temperature, control below 25 °C, when preparing culture materials, water is suitable. 3. Pests (1) Bacteria: Major mycelium or fruit body damage. The larvae of the flies, mosquitoes, etc. are all white or yellow and have no legs. They will feed fruit bodies. Prevention methods: remove the aging mycelium; use adult phototaxis, set the insecticidal lamp to trap and kill, or spray high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticides, such as 1000 times jet of trichlorfon, which can kill larvae and eggs. (2) Bacteria: Some small insects belonging to the arachnids and other insects. Individuals are small, yellowish-white, light yellow-brown when piled. Like dust or rice bran, they have strong fertility and act quickly. They eat hyphae and bacteria. Cover, causing mushroom buds to wither. Prevention: The raw materials are fully sun dried and the surrounding environment is sprayed with dichlorvos. After the occurrence, spray with 4% diclofenac emulsion 800 times. (3) Collembola: Adults have flexible tails that bounce around and bite fruit bodies. Control methods: Spray 0.1% rattan extract. There are also some pests such as ancient Chinese quail, ants, cockroaches, cockroaches, etc., which can be sprinkled with lime on the ground when it is controlled. 4. The treatment of the old mushroom house in indoor or underground, continuous cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, often causes serious damage to pests and germs, resulting in failure. The first time it was cultivated, the yield was high, and the second or third time it was heavily polluted or even lost. The reason is: Because each time after cultivation, it is not sterilized. Pleurotus ostreatus produces harmful metabolites during the growth process and accumulates on bed frames and cave walls. The aging of mycelium, the darkness of indoor or fortifications, and the poor ventilation and ventilation caused the breeding of bacteria and insects. Prevention methods: pay attention to environmental sanitation, wash the walls with 5% to 6% alkaline water, brush, sprinkle lime, or spray lime to eliminate bacteria. Spray insecticides to eliminate insects. Closed fumigation with formaldehyde, sulfur and other drugs. 5. Measures to prevent allergies to Pleurotus ostreatus Pleurotus ostreatus should be harvested in time after ripening, and harvested after spores are emitted, which will affect the formation of the next mushroom; in addition, it will cause serious harm to the health of the staff. Pleurotus ostreatus spores can produce an allergic reaction to most people, causing coughing, phlegm, bloating, and low fever. Preventive measures: timely harvesting, after maturity, before the spores have not been released, timely harvest; staff members before entering the mushroom house, first spray water, so that the spores sink with the water on the ground, reducing the spore content in the air. In addition, the relevant information describes, when 2 to 3 cm cap, sprayed with sodium glutamate nutrient solution top dressing. Formula is: water 100 jins, sugar 1 jins, sodium glutamate (MSG can also be) 0.1 jins, vitamin Bll00 tablets. Spray once a day. It can increase the yield and delay the spore release time. If the human body is allergic, it should be separated from the original work for four months.
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