Angelica has the functions of nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, and relaxing laxative. It is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in traditional and modern medicine, and is also a raw material and additive widely used in Veterinary medicine, beverages and cosmetics.
Angelica is mainly used for planting and breeding. Due to the limitation of natural environmental conditions and seed breeding techniques, the production of Angelica sinensis seedlings is mostly carried out in the high-altitude semi-shady grassland to not only destroy vegetation, but also exacerbate regional soil erosion. The degree, and the conditions for raising seedlings are difficult to control, relying on the production of days, the cost of field management is large, the quality and yield of seedlings are difficult to guarantee, and it is extremely unfavorable for standardized cultivation and quality control of Angelica sinensis. Studies have shown that in the summer of the main producing areas of Angelica sinensis, it is completely feasible to use early sowing and shading nets to carry out seedling cultivation in Sichuan, and in winter, seedlings in greenhouse can significantly inhibit the early convulsion of Angelica. In order to solve the outstanding problems in the production of Angelica sinensis, the model seedling experiment was carried out to study the effects of different models on seedling yield and quality traits and yield of transplanted medicinal materials. The aim was to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the innovative seedling path of Angelica sinensis.
First, materials and methods
1. Overview of the test area
The test site is located in Majie Village, Awu Town, Suichang County. The test area is 2 312 m above sea level with an average annual rainfall of 450 mm. The annual average temperature is 10 °C, the frost-free period is 180 d, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. It is a typical cold and humid climate.
2. Source of materials
Summer matured Angelica sinensis (XS) is derived from the field seedlings cultivated in the Sichuan area of ​​Majie Village, Awu Township, Suichang County from May to October 2015; the winter substrate Angelica seedlings (DJ) is from November 2015 to 2016. In the Gansu Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the seedlings of the Chinese herbal medicines were mixed in the greenhouse; the winter matured angelica seedlings (DS) were derived from the greenhouse seedlings in the same period. The above seedlings are all cultivated and provided by the Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
3. Test method
Before the experiment, 100 different strains of Angelica sinensis were randomly selected from different models, and the root length, root thickness, number of lateral roots, single fresh weight and disease were determined. The experimental design consists of 3 treatments, 3 repetitions, a total of 9 cells, and the cell area is 5 × 3 = 15 m2. On April 20, 2016, the ridges and double seedlings were transplanted with black film, the ridge surface was 80 cm wide, the plant spacing was 20 cm, and the row spacing was 20 cm. The seedlings of Angelica sinensis in winter were soaked with 40 ppm gibberellin for 10 min before transplanting, dried and transplanted.
After the transplanting, the seedlings in the field were observed, and the number of greenings was counted every 7 days from the 24th day after transplanting until the end of the greening. After the roots of Angelica sinensis in autumn, the angelica plants in each plot were excavated with three-tooth steel forks. The total yield of Angelica sinensis was determined, and the number of plants was counted. Then 30 strains of complete medicinal materials were randomly selected, and the root length, main root length and thick head stem were measured. Single root weight, number of side roots and other indicators.
4. Data processing
Using Excel 2003 drawing, SPSS 11. 5 Statistical software for statistical analysis.
Second, the results and analysis
1. Comparison of quality traits of seedlings grown in different models
The quality of the individual seedlings of Angelica sinensis was mainly evaluated by the traits such as seedling length, root thickness, single root weight and disease condition. There were significant differences between the growth and development indicators of Angelica sinensis seedlings under different model conditions (P < 0.05). It can be seen from Table 1 that the two roots of the seedlings grown in the mature soil model were significantly larger than the matrix model (P <0 01), and the single fresh weight of the seedlings in the summer Sichuan model was significantly higher than the matrix pattern (P < 0. 05), the root length and lateral root number of the matured soil model were higher than the matrix model (P < 0.05), but the difference between the two mature soil models was not significant (P > 0.05). . The fresh weight of the individual seedlings of Angelica sinensis in summer and autumn is about 1 g, the root length is more than 11 cm, and the root thickness is 5-6. Between 5 mm, the quality seedling standards are reached. In the winter nursery process, the individual quality of the seedlings cultivated by the mature soil is also superior to that of the substrate. The results showed that the quality of individual seedlings in the mature soil pattern in winter or summer and autumn was better than that in the substrate seedlings. However, the disease survey showed that the root disease rate of the seedlings was higher than that of the substrate.
Table 1 Effect of different seedling models on quality traits of Angelica seedlings (x ± s)
Note: Compared with DJ mode, ∗P <0. 05, ∗∗P <0. 01
2. Different seedling breeding methods to develop the dynamics of Angelica sinensis seedlings after transplanting
The results of replanting after the transplanting of Angelica sinensis seedlings under different seedling mode conditions (Fig. 1) showed that there were some differences in the rate of greening after transplanting seedlings in different modes. According to the field observation, the summer and autumn of the Sichuan matured Angelica seedlings began to expose the soil on the 18th day after transplanting, followed by the winter mature soil model to grow seedlings, and the matrix seedlings returned to the slowest. With the advancement of transplanting days, the rate of seedling regreening is basically a trend of “slow-fast-slowâ€. On the 24th day after transplanting, the rate of greening in the summer and autumn has reached 21. 93%, but the rate of greening of mature soil and substrate in winter is only 6. 67% and 1. 85%; with the gradual increase of temperature, the seedlings of Angelica sinensis entered the rejuvenation period; 31 days after transplanting, the seedlings of Angelica sinensis entered a slow period, but at this time, the seedlings of the winter model entered the rejuvenation period. The model was 7 days late; 45 days after transplanting, the seedlings in the winter mode entered a slowing period of returning green. At this time, the rate of returning to the seedlings of Sichuan matured angelica had reached 91. 19%, the rate of returning seedlings in winter mature soil was 83. 48%, the rate of returning to the seedlings was 85. 11%; 52 days after transplanting, the whole seedling emergence basically ended. After the end of greening, the number of seedlings after transplanting was counted. According to statistics, the seedling rate of seedlings grown in winter and soil in Lanzhou was higher than that in the planting of mature soil in the summer of autumn, but did not reach a significant level (P >0. 05), it may be that the seedlings themselves have pathogens resulting in a low final seedling rate.
Fig.1 Effect of different seedling raising modes on the rate of replanting of Angelica sinensis seedlings
Effects of different seedlings on seed quality and yield of Angelica sinensis after transplanting
It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the seedling transplanting in winter, the individual quality of the roots of the medicinal roots after transplanting the seedlings of Sichuan matured land is obviously excellent, and the average weight of single roots is 59. 15 g, the head of the reed stem is 25. 78 mm, the number of lateral roots is also large. According to the analysis of variance, it can be seen that the single fresh weight, the coarse stem and the number of lateral roots of Angelica sinensis were significantly higher than the two winter patterns (P < 0.01), but the root length was basically the same. no difference. Although the seedling emergence rate of the two winter model seedlings was higher than that of the summer and autumn ripening seedlings after transplanting, the fresh root yield of Angelica sinensis was the highest after 513. 45 kg / mu, an increase of 54. 7% and 56. 06%, reaching a very significant level (P <0.01).
Note: Compared with DJ mode, ∗P <0. 05, ∗∗P <0. 01
Third, the conclusion
The seed weight, thickness, length, length and number of branches are the key indicators for the quality of the seedlings, and they can best reflect the quality of the seedlings. High-quality seedlings are the basic guarantee for the quality and yield of medicinal materials. The artificial cultivation of Angelica sinensis is mainly based on seed sowing, seedling and transplanting. Therefore, the quality of seedlings has a direct impact on the yield and quality of Angelica sinensis after transplanting. Du Fu and other studies pointed out that the root weight of the angelica cultivation process is 0. 74 to 1. Seedlings in the range of 38 g, the root dry weight of the plant, the dry weight of the shoots, the dry weight of the whole plant and other growth indicators all exceeded the range of seedlings. The rate of field pumping was low after transplanting, and the single root of the medicinal material was significant. The output ranked first, and the external traits of the medicinal materials were excellent, and the ferulic acid content was higher than the pharmacopoeia standard.
The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between the seedling growth and the individual quality index, the rate of transplanting, the quality of the medicinal material and the yield of the seedlings under different model conditions. The two fresh weights of the seedlings grown in the mature soil model were about 1 g on average, the root length was more than 11 cm, and the root thickness was 5-6. Between 5 mm, the root weight and single seed fresh weight were significantly larger than the matrix model, but the differences between the individual seedlings were not obvious. After transplanting seedlings, with the advancement of transplanting days, the greening rate of seedlings basically showed a trend of “slow-fast-slowâ€, in which the seedlings of Angelica sinensis were the fastest, followed by the breeding of winter mature soil. The matrix seedlings returned to the slowest. The seedlings of Angelica sinensis were first entered into the rejuvenation period, about one week earlier than the other two modes, but the final rate of returning to green was lower than that of the winter model. After the autumn excavation, the root weight of the roots of Angelica sinensis was significantly improved after transplanting the seedlings of Sichuan mature land model, and the average weight of single roots reached 59. 15 g, the head of the reed stem is 25. 78 mm, the number of lateral roots is also more, the highest fresh root yield is 513. At 45kg/mu, individual quality indicators and yields were significantly higher than those of the two winter models. In summary, the breeding of seedlings in the main producing areas of Angelica can be used as a new way to promote the seedlings of Angelica sinensis.
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