Principle and application of biochemiluminescence measuring instrument
Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence are a common phenomenon in nature. Up to now, there are many kinds of organisms that can be illuminated, from low-grade bacteria to high-light luminescent fish, from plant seedlings, plant branches and leaves to meridian points on the surface of the human body, brain, liver, serum, etc. It consists of luciferase, luciferin and its cofactors. With the in-depth study of the bioluminescence mechanism, the luminescence systems of some organisms have been initially identified and used to analyze some trace substances in organisms and chemistry. Bioluminescence analysis has gradually been introduced into the medical field, such as measuring ATP in bacteria by the firefly luciferase luminescence system to determine the number of bacteria in urinary tract infections; and quantifying antibiotics by using the luminescence intensity of luminescent bacteria as an indicator The potency, the pollution status of the calibration environment, etc. Therefore, research in this field has significant economic and social benefits.
1, industrial: measuring biomass in the fermentation industry, control of the fermentation conditions. In the oil and fat industry, the degree of oxidative deterioration of fats and oils is measured. In the rubber and plastics industries, the degree of aging of products is measured, and the effect of incorporating antioxidant raw materials is detected. The pharmaceutical industry detects the antibacterial potency.
2, agriculture: The emission intensity of plant seedlings, determined cold resistance, heat resistance, salt resistance and the growth and development of crop plant nutrient status, agriculture breeding and cultivation technology provides data.
3, pharmacy: measuring the phagocytic effect of concomitant use of chemiluminescence intensity and chemiluminescence immunoassay, inspection body's immune function, to understand trace vivo hormone content, trace elements, vitamins and drugs. The ATP in the body fluid is measured, the energy metabolism of the body, the degree of urinary tract infection, and the chemiluminescence intensity of the serum (plasma) are measured. Intermittently determine the occurrence, development and extent of the disease, and differentially diagnose certain patients. The reaction of measuring free radicals is an effective free radical drug for anti-aging, anti-tumor and anti-radiation screening.
4, environmental protection: bacterial, luminescent indicators for monitoring animals, plants and environmental contamination chemiluminescent system, while monitoring for water and wastewater. The luminescence measurement has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, good stability, fast reaction speed and convenient use. The research and application of luminescence analysis technology will be widely used in immunology, microbiology, biochemistry, clinical testing, toxicology and medicine, agriculture, industry, environmental science and other fields. In order to promote the development of luminescence analysis technology, Shanghai Testing Technology Institute (formerly Shanghai Technical Supervision Bureau Experimental Factory) provides high sensitivity, high stability, wide linear range, wide application, computer control and automatic mapping, automatic Fully automated biochemiluminescence measuring instrument for data processing and automatic printing of results. It provides an effective means for the detection of biological, chemiluminescence and ultra-weak luminescence, and will make certain contributions to the research and application of luminescence analysis technology.
Biological, chemical luminescence reaction and the basic principle of ultra-weak luminescence
When a substance molecule absorbs energy through a chemical reaction, it transitions from a ground state to an excited state. When the substance itself returns from the excited state to the ground state, it is mixed with light, which is chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence is a special kind of chemiluminescence produced in living organisms. It plays a role in many biological systems. Its luminescent energy comes from living organisms and uses a special protein as a catalyst for luminescent reactions. For example, the luciferase-like photoenzyme reaction is based on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source. From the point of view of analytical chemistry, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence belong to the same phenomenon. The difference between the quantum efficiency and the chemiluminescence reaction is generally higher in the bioluminescence reaction. The former is 0.1 to 0.8, the latter is only 0.01 to 0.05, and the specificity is The bioluminescent reaction is also higher. Ultra-weak luminescence of biological system is different from general bio-luminescence. It is a kind of very weak optical radiation that reflects the life state of an organism, transmits certain information, and expresses certain functions. It belongs to ultra-weak bio-luminescence or is called "low-level organism." Chemiluminescence".
First, ultra-weak luminescence can be divided into two categories:
1 . Spontaneous luminescence: (biochemiluminescence)
A metabolic chemiluminescence B cell division luminescence
2 . Induced luminescence:
A delayed luminescence B ionizing radiation luminescence C electrochemiluminescence D sonoluminescence E thermal luminescence
Second, the spontaneous luminescence of living systems (such as cells) has the following characteristics:
1. extremely weak: Biosystems surface of photons emitted per cm 2 per second may be from a few to several hundred, this light intensity corresponds to 10 kilometers away even 100 kilometers candle emitted.
2. The dividing cells are more radiant than the resting cells and are mainly emitted in the early stage of cell division, so they are called mitotic luminescence.
3. The emission spectrum is broad, covering at least the entire spectral region from ultraviolet to infrared.
4. Luminous intensity has many links with the physiological and biological functions of biological systems.
5. Sensitive to a variety of physical and chemical factors, almost any chemical can affect the intensity of cell luminescence.
6. This light radiation may be coherent.
Based on the above principles of biochemiluminescence, the fully automated biochemiluminescence measuring instrument developed and produced by Shanghai Testing Technology Institute (formerly the Shanghai Technical Supervision Bureau Experimental Factory) is currently in industry, agriculture, environmental protection, medicine, and immunity. , widely used in clinical and other fields.
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