Recently, there have been two new breakthroughs in HIV immunotherapy: researchers from TSRI in the US and Shanghai University of Science and Technology in China have successfully constructed immune cells against HIV, which is expected to cure HIV infection. Chinese researchers such as Hu Wenhui from Temple University in the United States use genes. Editing techniques to efficiently eliminate human HIV from multiple organ tissues in a humanized mouse from multiple targets.
Since the discovery of AIDS, the world has invested a lot of manpower and resources to carry out research. Although more than a dozen vaccines and nearly one hundred therapeutic drugs have been developed, no specific drug for the complete treatment of AIDS has been found so far. As a new weapon to treat AIDS, “Cocktail†therapy immediately sensationalized the entire medical community, and scientists from all over the world gave this therapy a high rating.
Nowadays, immunotherapy is a hot treatment for cancer, and because viral infections have certain specificity and controllable mutation rate compared with tumors, scientists have begun to use immunotherapy to treat HIV infection.
Related research on AIDS treatment continues to advance and continues to make new breakthroughs. Recently, two new breakthroughs have been ushered in. So what progress has been made in cellular immunotherapy in the treatment of AIDS? In this small series, I have reviewed the progress of HIV immunotherapy in recent years and hope to learn from you.
Potent neutralizing antibodies eliminate HIV
In August 2015, researchers at the California Institute of Technology discovered a special neutralizing antibody. This antibody recognizes the above-mentioned marker protein, regardless of the structure of the envelope protein when it is infected with HIV, and cannot escape the "eye" of this neutralizing antibody. The discovery of this neutralizing antibody opens a new chapter in the detection and elimination of viruses in AIDS patients.
The study was led by biology professor Pamela Bjorkman and the results of the study were published in the journal Cell.
Although neutralizing antibodies recognize the envelope of the HIV surface, most of them can only recognize spikes that are in a closed state. In addition, each neutralizing antibody can only recognize a specific target, or antigenic determinant, on the spike. Because some antigenic determinants are more effective in eradicating HIV, certain neutralizing antibodies are more capable of eradicating the virus. In 2014, Professor Bjorkman and colleagues at Rockefeller University first discovered a potent neutralizing antibody called 8ANC195 in the body of HIV patients with immune systems. They found that this neutralizing antibody can destroy the virus by anchoring a newly discovered antigenic determinant.
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