Summer maize high-yield fertilization technology is the key to timely topdressing and topdressing. Summer maize topdressing has two major characteristics: First, the growth period is short, generally about 100 days, and the seedling growth is in the hot and rainy season. Second, the cultivation method of summer corn is winter wheat-summer corn rotation system. In some areas, such as the northern part of the country, the corn is planted before the wheat is harvested. Most of the northern China is directly planting summer corn after the wheat is harvested. The common feature of the above two types of areas is that the base fertilizer cannot be applied before the summer maize is planted. Therefore, the fertilization method of summer corn only depends on the topdressing during the growth period.
A practice of planting professional households in Wuqiang County, Hebei Province, is to apply the first seedling fertilizer after the emergence of summer maize to the 4-leaf stage. He used high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (25-10-15), and the fertilization amount per acre was 15 kg. The fertilization method was to ditch and fertilize and then cover the soil.
When the corn seedlings grow to the trumpet period, he will apply fertilizer for the second time, and apply 20 kg of urea per mu. The method of applying urea is to embed the soil after the application of the hole and then to pour water. The average summer corn he planted was over 450 kg, and some reached a thousand pounds. Agricultural experts have conducted the following analysis:
It is reasonable to determine the fertilization period, the amount of fertilization and the fertilization method according to the characteristics of the nutrient requirements of summer maize, and the effect is obvious. Not only did it harvest higher yields in the past, but it also achieved high production and stable production. From the amount of fertilizer applied in this case and the actual harvest of summer corn, it can be seen that the utilization rate of the fertilizer applied is high, especially the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is high.
If analyzed from the perspective of fertilization techniques, the following points are worth emulating in this case:
- The time of topdressing is well-prepared, which reflects the principle of early application and partial application of summer corn topdressing.
- In the fertilization type, it not only shows the balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, but also highlights the characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer. The first top dressing was mainly nitrogen, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The second top dressing was focused on nitrogen fertilizer.
- In the grasp of the amount of fertilizer applied, the secondary top dressing applied high nitrogen compound fertilizer and urea. The annual yield of summer corn obtained is 450-500 kg, which is an economically optimized and reasonable amount.
The method of fertilization is scientific. Regardless of the first application of compound fertilizer or the second application of urea, it is ditching or digging, and after embedding, it is buried and re-watered. This not only reduces the volatilization loss of nitrogen fertilizer, but also makes the phosphate fertilizer close to the root system and improves the absorption rate, so the fertilizer utilization rate is high.
Summer corn fertilization problems
- Fertilizer operation is unreasonable, and the area of ​​one-time fertilization is large, which is likely to cause insufficient supply of nitrogen fertilizer in the later stage;
- Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, low fertilizer utilization rate;
- Lack of application of trace elements such as zinc and boron;
- The soil is shallow, the water retention capacity is poor, and the drought is easy to fall;
- The quality of fertilizers and machine broadcasts is not guaranteed, causing corn to be burned and burned.
Summer corn fertilization follows the following principles
- According to the soil fertilization results, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is appropriately adjusted;
- Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in several stages, and the proportion of application in the middle and late growth stages should be appropriately increased;
- According to the soil fertility conditions, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be fully utilized, and the aftereffect of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the former crops should be fully utilized;
- Increase the intensity of straw returning to the soil, improve soil water retention and fertilizer capacity;
- Pay attention to the application of trace elements such as zinc and boron; (5) the application of fertilizer should be applied in depth, and the application of fertilizer should be combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques;
- Pay attention to the quality of the fertilizer and the distance between the fertilizer and the seed to prevent burning and burning.
Summer corn recommended fertilization technology
(1) For the one-time fertilization area, it is recommended to use 28-7-9, 25-8-12 or similar formula fertilizer after corn sowing or emergence, as a base fertilizer or seedling stage top dressing. The yield of corn is between 900 and 1100 kg/mu, and the formula is 70-90 kg per acre.
The yield of corn is between 1100 and 1300 kg/mu, and the formula is 90-110 kg for 28-7-9 per mu. The yield of corn is 1300 kg/mu or more, and the formula is 18--9 kg per mu. Mu; formula fertilizer can have 20% to 40% release period of 50 to 60 days of slow-release nitrogen.
(2) For fertilization areas that use a combination of base fertilizer and top dressing, it is recommended to apply 18-12-15 or similar formula fertilizer at the time of sowing, and apply urea at the big bell stage. The yield of corn is between 900 and 1100 kg/mu, with 40-12 kg of formula fertilizer of 18-12-15 per mu, and 25-30 kg/mu of urea for large bell mouth.
The yield of corn is between 1100 and 1300 kg/mu, with 60-12 kg of formula fertilizer 18-12-15 per mu, and 30-40 kg/mu of urea for large bell mouth; the yield of corn is above 1300 kg/mu. Use 18-12-15 formula fertilizer per acre to 70-80 kg/mu; and apply 40-50 kg/mu of urea in the big flare period. When the seed fertilizer is planted, the distance between the fertilizer and the seed should be kept at 5 to 7 cm or more. Conditional areas pay attention to the supplement of trace elements such as zinc and boron.
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