Scientific and reasonable pruning of large cherry trees can effectively increase the utilization of light energy, regulate the relationship between growth and results, make it early results, early high yield, yield and stable production, prolong the result time, and increase economic efficiency.
One, the characteristics of growth and development of big cherry
1. The saplings have strong sprouting ability and branching force, strong apical dominance, rapid crown expansion, and large amount of growth. Prosperous branches grow upright and their apical dominance is obvious. No matter whether the peripheral long branches are short or not, the top is easy to pump out more than one long branch; most of the lower branches are short and the middle branches are few. Therefore, the main task of the young cherry tree pruning is to weaken the apical dominance.
2. The large cherry tree has a higher requirement for the illumination of the inner chamber. Because of its strong peripheral branches, large branches, dense branches, easy to form strong and weak under the tree potential, often due to internal atrophy, lack of light, resulting in internal branchlets, the results of the branches and groups weakened and dead, resulting in internal empty emptiness. Therefore, controlling the peripheral branch quantity, opening the angle, and ensuring the illumination of the internal condyle are the main tasks for the large cherry tree to be pruned during the full fruit period.
3. The buds of big cherries are single buds, and the flower buds have buds without buds. After the flowering results, they no longer germinate. Therefore, it is easy to cause baldness at the back of the branches. Care must be taken to avoid them.
4. Shears of large cherry trees are healed slowly after being trimmed and susceptible to sunburn or pests. In severe cases, tree vigor is weakened or branches die. Therefore, pruning in winter should not be too early. Generally, it is carried out after the beginning of spring. When removing large branches or branches, it is best to apply a healing agent to the cut and promote wound healing.
5. The major cherry trees are mainly short fruit branches and bouquet-like fruit branches. In the tree culture, the growth relationship between the trunk and the main branch, the main branch and the lateral branch or the branch group must be adjusted, and the main branch must be controlled to promote the main branch. Growth and result branch culture. Sapling period should be short-cut promotion branches, carved buds and branches, after the completion of plastic surgery to promote the formation of short fruit branches and bouquet-like fruit branches. After entering the result period, the main task of pruning becomes how to maintain and update these results. It is necessary to do a good job of pruning on the basis of strengthening soil and fertilizer water management.
Second, the main pruning technology
The summer pruning of big cherries is very important and plays an extremely important role in early and high yields. Summer shearing mainly adopts three ways: topping, short-cut, and pull-branch.
1. Take heart. Mainly in the main branch and lateral branches, pay attention to the main cutting edge of the dominant parts of the topping, you must choose to stay good to extend the new shoots, the other new shoots should be timely picking. The main point is that the better the site is, the sooner it is picked, the better. The main purpose is to control the site and not only to effectively promote the growth and growth of the new shoot, but also to promote the growth of new shoots. The length of the topping heart is determined based on the growth condition of the extended head, and the effect of one-time topping is not good, and measures for continuous topping can be taken. After 2 to 3 times of topping, the desired effect can be achieved.
2. Short cuts. It is generally performed on an extended shoot. When the new shoot grows to 40-50 cm, a short cut at the semi-lignified or lignified site will trigger a new shoot, increase the branch amount, and cultivate the resulting branch. The short cut is best carried out in early July and ends in mid-July, otherwise the shoots will not grow well and will be easily frozen in winter.
3. Pull the branches. Pulling a branch is one of the most effective measures for opening cherry trees. Try to pull it horizontally and do not pull it into a bow. Pull branches can be divided into two periods: First, pull branches during the growing season, when the branches are soft, not easy to pull off; Second, the second year of spring sap flow when pulling branches, can not be too early, or easy to pull the broken branches.
Third, different ages of pruning
1. Pruning of the early fruit tree. After cherries are planted, they can enter the first fruit period after 3 to 4 years of planting. The pruning during this period should be as follows:
(1) Improve the tree structure. For the individual trees that did not develop an ideal tree shape during the early shaping period, the tree structure must be further improved by combining winter pruning and summer pruning.
(2) Expand the crown and ease the tree potential. By opening branches, short cuts and other measures to expand the crown, while controlling the tree potential, so that the tree potential into the golden mean, through the dumping of flower buds.
(3) Cultivate strong and robust results. Strengthen soil and fertilizer water management, train as many as possible strong branches, and lay the foundation for high quality and high yield.
2. Pruning of fruit trees. After the cherry is planted, 6-8 years can enter the full fruit period. The pruning during this period should be as follows:
(1) Maintain the treetop moderation. The moderate tree vigor is a stable, high-yielding, and high-quality basis. It reasonably controls the tree vigor and maintains the balance of the entire branches. The annual growth of peripheral shoots is controlled at about 30 cm. The branches are full and the buds are full; most of the bouquet-like branches or There are 6 to 8 rosette leaves on short fruit branches, thick leaves, dark green leaves and full flower buds.
(2) Maintain a reasonable tree structure. Scaling and combining of the backbone branches to maintain the stability of the tree structure. The pruning maintains a reasonable tree structure, so that the inner pagoda is airy and transparent, and the individual trees are left unaffected.
(3) Increase the number of result branches appropriately. Strengthen the management of water and fertilizers, maintain a relatively stable branch through various comprehensive measures, do a good job of updating branches, and appropriately increase the number of fruiting branches according to the actual situation of the tree, and increase production.
3. The pruning of the debilitating tree. After the big cherry tree enters the weakening period, the tree vigor gradually weakens and the dead branches increase. As a result, the branches and branches degenerate, the resulting parts move outwards, and the yield and quality decline. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of soil and fertilizer water and the control of pests and diseases. The pruning task is mainly to be updated in time. Rejuvenate, cultivate new main branches and result branches, stabilize production. The large, medium-sized branches and the resulting branch groups can be retracted and modified year by year, and cannot be cut off at one time. The use of long-lasting shoots of cherry trees can induce shoot branches, where appropriate sites are selected to gradually grow into new main shoots and result shoots, extending the result time.
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