Since November, rare cold temperatures and cloudy days have been observed in many northern regions of China. Vegetable production in facilities has been severely affected. Fruit and vegetables, especially fruits and vegetables, have been debilitating, poor flowering, and severely diseased. The output was more severe than in the same period of the year. Decline, and even face the risk of losing production. To minimize losses, make the following management recommendations.
Emergency measures
First, pay attention to the special period of temperature regulation
For a long period of continuous cloudy haze, the temperature difference between day and night in the shed becomes smaller, which is not conducive to the growth and development of vegetables. In terms of temperature management, it is necessary to ensure that the minimum temperature at night is above the minimum temperature of the birth limit (fruits and vegetables should be above 10°C). It is also necessary to maintain a certain temperature difference between day and night. The temperature difference between day and night at around 10°C is the best. If it is not reached, it must reach at least 5°C. Under continuous low temperature and cloudy conditions, in order to ensure the temperature, greenhouse insulation and temperature increase measures should be strengthened. A layer of old shed film can be added to the grass rake, and two curtains can be set inside the shed. Keep an eye on the weather and temperature, and add a layer of grasshoppers in the cold period. Conditional auxiliary heating can be performed.
Second, to increase light, fill light measures
During the day, in the case of ensuring the temperature, as much as possible to expose, make full use of scattered light, improve lighting conditions in the shed; select high-quality anti-fog film to keep the shed film clean; reasonable plant adjustment, to prevent field closure; in the greenhouse In the lower part of the wall, a light curtain (film) is suspended; a reflective film is laid on the ground; if necessary, a fill light can also be filled to increase the light.
Third, control the humidity in the greenhouse
Controlling the humidity in the shelter is the key to prevention. Even if the weather is continuous, it must be properly ventilated every day at around the maximum temperature around noon. The air release time is 10 to 15 minutes, and the air outlet is 10 to 15 centimeters wide to reduce the humidity in the shed. At the same time minimize watering or not watering.
Fourth, strengthen plant management
Pay attention to moderate sparse fruit thinning, reduce fruit setting, reduce nutrient consumption, and increase the resistance of plants to low temperature and low illumination. When the middle and lower fruits are close to the commodity fruit, they must be timely harvested to prevent falling.
V. Strengthening disease prevention and control
Under low-temperature and low-light conditions, it is easy to induce vegetable diseases, and the prevention and control of diseases should be strengthened. In order not to increase the humidity in the shed, smoking or mist spraying or dust control should be used as far as possible.
Sixth, the scientific management after the low-temperature widow period
First, it was suddenly sunny, and it was necessary to take measures at noon during the light hours. With shutters, the insulation can be lowered by 1/2 to 2/3 shading during the strong light period at noon, and then faded with the light in the afternoon, then gradually rolled up and insulated or straw; no shutter During the light period at noon, grasshoppers can be placed at intervals. Should pay attention to observation, if found wilting, immediately increase coverage shading area, such as recovery and then gradually exposing.
The second is to scientifically manage fertilizer and water and promote the recovery of vegetables as soon as possible. Due to the continuous cloudy weather, the temperature is low and the ground temperature is relatively low. The ability of vegetables to absorb water and fertilizers is weakened. The weather can be sprayed with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or high-quality foliar fertilizer. When the temperature rises, combined with watering, Topdressing a large amount of high-quality water-soluble fertilizer, can also spray chitin, amino oligosaccharides, Bi-care, etc., to promote the rapid transformation of vegetables from weak to strong.
Long-term measures
First, optimize the regional layout of facility types
According to the regional differences in the distribution of haze and effective light radiation, the area layout of solar greenhouses and plastic arch greenhouses was optimized. Even cloudy days and haze have a great impact on the production of solar greenhouse vegetables, and even lead to an outbreak of production. To take advantage of the winter production of solar greenhouses, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient amount of light radiation. Areas where the amount of haze is light or small and the amount of effective light radiation is large should be used as a dominant production area for solar greenhouse vegetable production; while plastic arches should be produced mainly in advance of spring and autumn, and less affected by haze in winter, according to local conditions. The production base, market demand, temperature and light conditions and other comprehensive considerations choose shed type.
Second, adjust the types of vegetables
Leafy vegetables and root vegetables have lower requirements for temperature and light conditions, and are less affected by continuous cloudy and haze weather than fruit vegetables. In addition, the dietary structure of people has changed in recent years, and shabu-shabu and other vegetables and leaf vegetables and rhizomes The demand for vegetables is increasing, and the growth period of these vegetables is short, the labor is saved, and labor is saved. The market is listed during the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival. The benefits are also good. Therefore, in the winter, the regions with heavy haze and heavy fog may give priority to the development of leafy vegetables. Vegetables and root vegetables.
Third, the mouth arrangement
The annual production plan is well planned, and the period of continuous cloudy and hazy days will be arranged in the early and late periods to avoid the production risks caused by the overcast days and haze.
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