The purpose of breeding mother deer is to require doe to have high fertility, have a healthy constitution, and breed good offspring. The deer can breed good offspring, not only related to the female deer species, but also has a close relationship with the husbandry and management. A good husbandry and management can enable the deer to display its excellent production performance.
According to the nutritional needs and feeding and management characteristics of the doe at different periods, the deer breeding management can be divided into three periods.
1. Feeding and management of doe during breeding period
After weaning the deer at the end of August each year, the doe stops lactation and enters the early stage of physical recovery. The breeding season starts from mid-September to late November.
Before deciding to breed, deer herds should be eliminated, and the deer who has infertility, evil spirits, age, or serious illness should be eliminated. According to the genetic relationship of the species, age and physical health, the group can be divided into the core group, the general breeding group, and the deer group. Each breeder deer usually has 25 to 30 animals.
The breeding and management level of the mating period doe has an important impact on accelerating the mating schedule and improving the deer fertility rate. For example, during the breeding period, if the female deer body is wasted and malnutrition, the estrus will be late or not in heat, and the breeding period will be prolonged, and even the female deer will be infertile. Full body condition, well-fed doe, rapid growth and development of eggs, strong lust, estrus obvious, and can focus on heat in advance, so the mating progress is fast, the conception rate and twin birth rate is also higher.
During the breeding period, the doe diets should be adapted to local conditions, mainly based on large-size coarse materials and juicy feeds, supplemented by concentrates. The concentrate is mainly bean cake, corn, sorghum and so on. The female deer feeds 1.0~1.2kg of concentrate, 2.5~3.5kg of crude material, 18g of salt, and 15~20g of calcium hydrogen phosphate. Trace elements and vitamins should be added according to the branding instructions.
Second, feeding and management of doe during pregnancy
The deer's gestation period is generally seven and a half months, mainly referring to the year of December to April of the coming year. The growth and development of the fetus during the pre-pregnancy and mid-pregnancy is relatively slow, and the growth and development of the fetus is very fast at the later stage, and the maternal uterus and mammary gland also increase. More than 80% of the fetus's weight gains during the last 3 months of pregnancy. By the end of pregnancy, diets should be formulated according to the characteristics of different stages of fetal growth and development. In particular, the stomach volume of the deer gradually decreases during the later period of pregnancy, and the digestive function is weakened. The diet of the deer should be selected for feed with good quality and strong palatability. Protein feed such as soybean cake in concentrates should account for 30% to 35%, and corn, sorghum and bran should account for 50% to 70%. The amount of roughage for pregnant female deer is 2.5 to 3.0 kg of crushed corn stalk. Conditions can be fed silage, high acidity should not be avoided to prevent miscarriage.
The pregnant doe is fed 2 or 3 times of roughage during the day. If it is fed 2 times during the day, it should be fed with coarse material at night.
In the second trimester of pregnancy, all female deer should be inspected, deer populations should be adjusted, and frail and malnourished doe should be allocated to the corresponding deer for feeding management.
In order to enhance the physical health of the doe, regular exercise every day, good light in the deer's quarters, the bed should be often filled with 10cm thick hay; barns and sports grounds are often cleaned, regularly disinfected drugs, strengthen the pregnant doe's domestication; attention to stability Group to prevent miscarriage accidents.
Third, feeding and management of lactating doe
The doe starts to lamb in early May and is weaned in late August. The lactation period is about 90 days. After 1 month of birth, the deer gains a weight of 6.0kg and an average daily weight gain of about 0.5kg. The lactating doe needs to absorb large amounts of protein, fat, minerals and vitamins and drinking water from the feed every day, and it is converted into milk in the body.
After giving birth to the female deer, the rumen volume increases and the gastrointestinal digestive capacity increases. Therefore, the lactating doe concentrate feeds 65% to 75% of the protein feed in the diet. It feeds 2~3 times of coarse material, 3 times of fine material per day, and feeds 1 time of coarse material at night.
Doe homes in the summer should be kept clean and free of harmful microorganisms to contaminate the udder and breast milk of the dam and cause deer disease. Keepers regularly clean the deer's house and disinfect the drug spray.
Timely adjustment and domestication of the female deer do not be forced to drive away the timid, frightened doe and deer, if necessary, to use the docile doe to guide.
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