High blood pressure has always been considered as a “patent†for middle-aged and elderly people. However, the latest “China Cardiovascular Diseases Report 2014†(hereinafter referred to as the “Reportâ€) shows that the prevalence of hypertension in children has continued to rise in recent years. At present, China 3 Between 4% and 4% of children are already suffering from hypertension, and the annual growth rate is 0.47%.
"Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure starts from 115/75mmHg. With the increase of blood pressure, the occurrence of cardiovascular disease is also increased. Hypertension can easily induce coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, etc. The deadly disease causes the number of premature deaths in China to reach 2 million each year.†Gao Runlin, chairman of the National Committee of Cardiovascular Experts, pointed out that the prevalence of hypertension in children has also been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, the prevention of chronic diseases such as hypertension must be Begin with children.
30% of obese children suffer from hypertension, and grandparents are more likely to raise chubby piers.
The "Report" shows that among the risk factors for hypertension in children, obesity is most closely related to it. Nearly 30% of obese children have hypertension and more than half have abnormal blood lipids. Gao Runlin pointed out that regardless of the type of overweight and obesity, the risk of hypertension is 1.5 to 2.2 times that of normal children. Experts point out that children who weigh more than 20% of their normal weight, especially children whose weight gains exceed the height growth rate, are prone to high blood pressure.
A new study on obese children in China shows that children born out of ancestors are more prone to obesity. Of the 500 children surveyed, 45.9% were taken care of by their grandfathers and grandmothers. These children do less housework and eat more unhealthy foods. The risk of obesity is two times that of their parents.
Children eat too much salt, too much sugar, adults prone to high blood pressure
Unhealthy diet is an important factor in the development of childhood hypertension. Studies have shown that the regional characteristics of dietary patterns are closely related to the blood pressure of the population in the area. For example, the intake of sodium in the northern region was significantly higher than that in the south, and the number of hypertensive patients in northerners was also significantly higher than that in southerners. The report suggests that salt sensitivity during childhood is one of the risk factors for hypertension. An 18-year follow-up study of child salt sensitivity in Shaanxi Hanzhong rural areas found that childhood salt-sensitive people were 2.34 times more likely to develop hypertension in adulthood than non-sensitive individuals.
Facts have shown that children who eat more salt tend to have higher blood pressure, and after six months of restricting salt diet, their blood pressure can gradually decline. It was found in the survey that 60% to 70% of children with small hypertension were on long-term intake of high-salt, high-sugar, low-calcium, low-vitamin and low-fiber foods.
The "Report" also shows that the lack of sleep, abnormal blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and children with a family history of hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension is also higher than normal children. Therefore, long-term stress and long-term stress in children due to learning pressure are all risk factors for hypertension.
It is understood that blood pressure has a "track phenomenon", that is, children with high blood pressure in childhood are more likely to develop hypertension than adults with normal blood pressure. The "Report" shows that children who have high blood pressure during puberty are at least 10 times more likely to develop hypertension in adulthood than normal children. Therefore, the control of obesity and the prevention of chronic diseases such as hypertension must begin with children.
The symptoms of hypertension in children are not obvious, but the health hazard is great
“High blood pressure is most afraid of not knowing or controlling,†said Professor Liu Lisheng, chairman of the China Hypertension League. “Children with high blood pressure don’t have headaches and clinical symptoms. Unless regular medical examinations are performed, they are not easily detected. This leads to many parents. I often neglect my child’s blood pressure and delay the best treatment period.â€
Hypertension in children is different from hypertension in adults. More than 80% of them are secondary, which is caused by other primary diseases. The cause of hypertension can be found. Mild child hypertension may not have any symptoms for a long time, but it will slowly damage the blood vessels, heart, kidneys, and brain. If children's hypertension is not treated, it will develop into adult hypertension. It will require lifelong medication to control blood pressure and may cause a series of serious diseases.
Children, especially infants and young children, are unclear about the condition. Therefore, the symptoms of hypertension in children are often found by careful observation by the parents. If the child is often irritated, crying, overly excited, irritated, screaming at night, etc., parents must be careful. Some small patients do not gain weight and develop stagnant. If the child's blood pressure is too high, there will be increased headache dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, blurred vision, convulsions, aphasia, hemiplegia and other hypertensive crisis. Severe brain, heart, kidney and other organ damage will also lead to stroke, heart failure, uremia, and other life-threatening.
In addition to the above-mentioned performance, children with secondary hypertension are also accompanied by primary disease symptoms. For example, children with acute glomerulonephritis have fever, edema, hematuria, oliguria, proteinuria, and high blood pressure. Wait. In addition to elevated blood pressure, patients with pheochromocytoma have palpitations, arrhythmia, excessive sweating, and cold hands and feet. Renal artery stenosis, polycystic kidney disease, etc. can cause hypertension in infants and young children. Children often show fever, cough, edema, paleness, fatigue, etc., eventually appear heart failure, often misdiagnosed as heart disease.
At present, the diagnostic criteria for children with hypertension are not uniform, and it is generally considered that the blood pressure percentile value is higher than the age group, or higher than the mean plus two standard deviations. If the newborn is greater than 12.0/8.0kPa (90/60mmHg), the infant is greater than 13.3/8.0kPa (100/60mm Hg), the preschool child is greater than 14.7/9.33kPa (110/70mmHg), and the school age child is greater than 14.7/10.7kPa (110/80mmHg), and after multiple confirmation, can be diagnosed.
Control blood pressure should pay attention to the family's self-test blood pressure, after the afternoon adhere to the right amount of low-to-moderate exercise
Experts remind that children may not have obvious symptoms of hypertension, but the harm is great, so parents should regularly measure blood pressure for children. If properly treated, blood pressure in more than 90% of hypertensive children can fall to normal.
Professor Wei Hui, chief physician of Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital in Beijing, said that in addition to going to the hospital for regular visits and insisting on taking antihypertensive drugs, the emphasis on family blood pressure is now more emphasized, especially for early morning blood pressure management. . She said: “The blood pressure of hypertensive patients is constantly changing for 24 hours. There are usually two peak periods in one day, which are 6:00~10:00, 16:00~20:00, and the blood pressure rises in these two periods. High blood pressure is closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, therefore, adherence to home-monitored blood pressure can not only effectively prevent the risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke, but also can accurately grasp the control of high blood pressure. ."
In addition, Yan Hui suggested that patients with hypertension must adhere to the "three-plus-six-less" prevention and control principle in their daily lives, that is, more exercise, more stress relief, more fiber food, less smoking, less alcohol, less staying up late, less Eat salt, eat less meat, eat less calorie foods. "Hypertensive patients must maintain a reasonable diet, eat more foods rich in Vitamins, minerals, trace elements, cellulose and other nutrients, eat less calorie-rich, low-nutrient foods such as fried foods, sugared foods, and animal oils. "Yu Hui said.
"Adhering to moderate exercise is essential for hypertensive patients." Yu Hui also recommends seven kinds of low- and medium-intensity aerobic exercise for hypertensive patients: walking, jogging, swimming, biking, climbing stairs, climbing and aerobics.
"We should maintain 3 to 5 exercises per week, and the best time to exercise is in the afternoon or the evening. Because high blood pressure patients often have high blood pressure at 6 to 10 o'clock in the morning, this is the high incidence of cardiovascular events, so it is not It is appropriate to exercise in the morning.†Yan Hui emphasized, “You should avoid sprinting, weight lifting and other short-term intense use of muscles and need to abandon one-time exercise because it will make the blood pressure rise sharply and cause danger.†(Reporter Wang Kai)
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Patients with hypertension should follow "five steps"
1. Limit sodium intake. The use of low-salt diets to prevent and treat hypertension has been more than 80 years old. The daily salt intake of patients with early-stage hypertension should be limited to 2 to 2.5 grams (about 2000 milligrams of sodium).
2. Eat more foods high in potassium. Increased potassium intake can increase sodium excretion and reduce its boosting effect. In patients with hypertension, maintaining a 1.5:1 ratio of potassium intake to sodium can help reduce blood pressure. The main ingredient of salt substitutes sold on the market is potassium chloride, but its content is not equal, and it must be strictly observed when used.
3. Increase calcium and magnesium intake. Calcium intake in hypertensive patients should be 800 to 1500 mg per day. Magnesium deficiency can cause vasospasm. Magnesium should be added when diuretic therapy is used. It should reach 8 mg/kg body weight per day. In addition, you need to add zinc, 50 to 200 mg per day can be oral. Frequent consumption of foods rich in iodine, such as kelp and seaweed, is also beneficial for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
4. Reasonable nutrition, not excessive. Excess weight can increase blood pressure, and high blood pressure can promote arteriosclerosis. Therefore, people with high blood pressure should have a light diet, low fat, proper nutrition, and not too much heat. Obesity should pay attention to weight loss, but it must ensure that there is sufficient quality protein.
5. Hypertension patients should eat and avoid.
First, carbohydrate foods: suitable: rice, porridge, noodles, noodles, arrowroot soup, clams, soft beans. Taboo: Sweet potato (food that produces abdominal gas), dried beans, and rich flavored biscuits.
Second, protein-based foods: Suitable: foods with less fat (poultry, cattle, pig lean meat, white meat), eggs, milk and milk products (fresh cream, yeast milk, ice cream, cheese), soybean products (tofu Natto, soy flour, oil tofu). Contraindications: Foods that are rich in fat (crops, pork, ribs, whale, eel, squid, tuna, etc.) and processed products (sausages, etc.).
Third, fat foods: suitable: vegetable oil, a small amount of cream, salad dressing. Contraindications: Animal oil, lard, bacon, and oiled sardines. (Singing)
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