Pig house and fermentation bed construction. There is no uniform requirement for the piggery in the fermentation bed, which generally requires sufficient lighting and good ventilation. From the use of effect analysis, large-span, closed regulation of the type of pigs, environmental control and use of good results, the fermentation bed has a large area, the general new farms use this type of model. The bed of the fermentation bed is divided into the litter area and the hardened area. The former area accounts for about 70%; the latter accounts for about 30%, which allows the raw pigs to feed and rest at high temperatures. The bed bottom need not be hardened to increase the permeability. Groundwater level is high and ground-based structures should be used. Piglet litter thickness is generally 50 cm -70 cm, and finishing pigs are generally about 80 cm. At the bottom of the fermentation bed, there is a vent leachate discharge port, which is usually used as a vent hole. When the litter moisture is too high, it acts as a water infiltration hole. The effusion hole connects the sewer pipe to prevent overflow of sewage. The old pig houses have a shallow foundation and are generally of the ground type. They should be well-prevented from leaks, and windows should be opened before and after to form air convection.
The production of litter. The function of the litter is to absorb feces and urine excreted by live pigs to provide media and some nutrients for microbial decomposition. Organic materials with good air permeability, strong adsorption capacity, and structural stability should be selected as the main raw materials, such as: sawdust, alfalfa, peanut shells, crushed straw, and grass charcoal, which generally account for about 90%, among which sawdust should account for 70%. -80% of materials that are rotten, moldy, and chemically contaminated cannot be used as litter. In order to ensure the timely decomposition of excreta, often choose some auxiliary materials, such as wheat bran, cake, quicklime, superphosphate, phosphate rock, sand, molasses, etc., usually do not exceed 10% of the total material, mainly used for Adjust material moisture, C/N, C/P, pH, permeability. Litter making is the key to the fermentation bed technology. Sawdust, stalks, stalks, and a small amount of auxiliary materials, according to a certain proportion of compatibility, while mixing water at the edge, the water content controlled at 50% -60% (hand grip material, fingers wet without drip), after After 7 days to 10 days of stacking fermentation (turning it once in a while), litter can be made for the fermentation bed. It also allows the litter to be fermented first, and the bacteria can be sprayed when entering the circle.
Reasonable breeding density. The density of pigs in the fermentation bed has a great relationship with pig health. The investigation and analysis of pig-raising effect from the fermentation bed indicated that piglets below 60 kg recommended a bed size of 1.0-1.5 m2 per bed of pigs (including hard-bed), and pigs of 1.5-2.0 m2 per head were more suitable. And the summer density should also be reduced appropriately. Breeding density is related to the turnover of pig beds, such as the implementation of mechanical tillage, so that the upper and lower litter mixing, pig manure fully fermented, can effectively raise the breeding density.
Feed, feeding, drinking water. There is no special requirement for the feed of pigs in the fermentation bed. According to scientifically formulated diets, powders and granules can be used according to the growth stages of the pigs, but high-iron, high-copper, high-zinc, arsenic and pharmaceutical feed additives are not suitable. In the feeding method, it is advisable to use timing feeding. The amount of feeding is 80% to 90% of satiety. The pigs are allowed to work in arches during non-feeding and ingestion of mycelia. Automatic drinkers are generally used to drink water. The size of the herd is to install drinking fountains of different heights to control the water pressure so as to ensure the smooth drinking of the herds. A sink should be set below the drinking fountain to drain the leaking drinking water.
Epidemic prevention and deworming. Pigs grow on the fermentation bed, take in beneficial bacteria, and have strong resistance to diseases, but they do not mean they do not get sick. The immunization procedures are not sound, and viral diseases, parasites, respiratory diseases, etc. will still pose a threat to the health of the herd. Pigs in the fermentation bed should not disinfect the pens, so the requirements for epidemic prevention are even higher. First, strict prevention of the epidemic system, prohibiting off-site personnel from entering the site, setting up disinfection pools (pots) at entrances to the gates and shenmen, strict admission to admission and admission personnel, and establishing scientific immunization procedures and strict enforcement; We must adhere to the principle of self-cultivation and self-cultivation, do not enter the pigs from off-site, and must strictly separate and rearrange the pigs when they are transferred. Fourth, we must isolate the individual infected pigs. Five must be 60 days old and 70 days old (25 kg) piglets. For-time repellent.
Fine management. Fertility management of pigs in the fermentation bed requires higher and more sophisticated. One is the maintenance of the fermentation bed. Each day, piles of pig manure are spread out and littered to speed up fermentation. In winter, the temperature of the pig house is low and it is particularly important to move the litter. The second is to control the humidity of litter. Pigs have high density, excrement, and little evaporation in winter. Ventilation should be increased, or some wet excrement should be removed, or some dry litter should be added, and padding should be plowed to accelerate fermentation, heat dissipation and evaporation. The third is ventilation and cooling. The litter fermentation will increase the temperature, it is very important to do a good job of ventilation and cooling in the summer; before entering the high temperature season, stop adding new litter; the closed pigsty should be mechanically ventilated, humidified and cooled; open, semi-open or old pigsty renovation The pig house should be equipped with electric fans and spray facilities for artificial cooling. Fourth, after the pigs sell the empty bar, the dunnage and the new materials are added together in a timely manner. The fermentation takes 10 days to 15 days to facilitate the killing of pathogenic microorganisms. The pigs are heat-dissipated within 2 days to 3 days before entering the pigs.
Vegetable Powder is dried and dehydrated from vegetable raw materials, and then further crushed; Or first beating, then evenly spray dried powder of vegetable pellets. 1] Vegetable powder is an extension of dehydrated vegetables. It covers carrot powder, tomato powder, potato powder, pumpkin powder, red beet powder, spinach powder, celery powder, yam powder and other vegetable categories. Weaned infants are unable or unable to eat vegetables due to insufficient tooth development, the elderly are inconvenient to eat vegetables due to bad teeth or falling off, and some adults reduce their consumption of vegetables due to working relations or other reasons. Therefore, vegetable powder has a wide market in this kind of population. In addition, vegetable powder is also a pure natural colorant (carrot powder, tomato powder, spinach powder, red beet powder, celery powder, pumpkin powder, etc.), which is an excellent raw and auxiliary material for processing vegetable bread, vegetable noodles, specialty foods, etc.
Characteristic
The advantages of processing fresh vegetables into vegetable powder are: low moisture content, can prolong the storage period and reduce the costs of storage, transportation and packaging; The utilization rate of vegetable powder processing raw materials is high, especially there are no strict requirements on the size and shape of raw materials, which widens the application range of vegetables. Research shows that vegetable powder can be applied to almost all fields of food processing, can be used to improve the nutritional composition of food, improve its color and flavor, and can replace the use of artificial pigments in today's society, which has brought protection to the health of our consumers.
Development trend
The processing of vegetable powder abroad is developing in the direction of low-temperature ultra-fine grinding. After drying, the fruits and vegetables are crushed by ultra-fine grinding, and the particles can reach the size of micron. The market advantages of the new vegetable powder are: the ultra-fine particles are more convenient to use; Nutrients are easier to digest and taste better; It can realize the full utilization of fruits and vegetables without skin residue, which is in line with the development direction of "high efficiency, high quality and environmental protection" of today's food processing industry
Cucumber powder, Spinach Powder, Cabbage Powder
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