At present, rice in Hunan and Anhui provinces has gradually entered the harvesting period. Due to the frequent rainfall in recent days, it has brought difficulties to rice harvesting and storage. When rice is harvested, if it encounters rain, it cannot be harvested, threshed, or sun dried in time. Then rice will sprout in the fields and fields. When the rice in storage is exposed to condensation, flooding, or leakage of water, it is also prone to sprouting. The rice that is exposed to the sun in the hot sun, or the rice that suddenly encountered cold after exposure, is also prone to the phenomenon of “explosionâ€. Therefore, farmer friends must pay special attention when storing rice.
The main measures for rice storage are:
First, conventional storage
1. Control moisture. The safe moisture of rice is the key to safe storage. In general, the early and middle seasons of rice harvest are the high-temperature seasons. After the harvest, they are easy to dry and have low moisture storage and can reach or fall below the safe moisture. However, when late rice is harvested, it is a low-temperature season, and it is not easy to be dried in time. The original raw water in the storage is large and should be dried in time. The drying equipment should be processed before the spring season. If there is no drying equipment, the winter and spring seasons should be used. Take advantage of the opportunity to expose the sun to moisture within the standard of summer.
2. Clean. The organic impurities contained in rice have high moisture content, strong hygroscopicity, more bacteria, and large respiratory intensity. Especially when entering the warehouse, they are easily formed due to the automatic grading phenomenon. Impurities such as ash cause the porosity of the grain pile to decrease. Accumulation in the heap is not easy to disperse, these are storage unsafe factors. Therefore, wind-up or sieving before warehousing, reducing impurities to about 0.5% can greatly improve the storage stability.
3. Ventilation and cooling after autumn. Cooling and cooling in a timely manner after autumn cool, narrowing the stratification temperature difference is an effective method to prevent condensation on the upper layer of the rice heap and heat in the middle and lower layers. In particular, the high temperature of grain for early rice storage, in order to solve this problem in a timely manner, should be promptly ventilated after storage, reduce the grain temperature, and require the grain temperature to approach the temperature level. After the cool autumn, they grasped the favorable climatic conditions and quickly reduced the grain temperature to less than 15°C.
Second, low temperature closed
With the use of low temperature in the late autumn and early winter, the temperature of the grain is reduced to 0 to 10°C. After freezing and cooling, storage is conducted in closed storage, and the low temperature can be effectively maintained.
The method of confinement varies from warehouse to warehouse. If the warehouse has good insulation properties, it can be fully enclosed. Poor thermal insulation of the warehouse can be used to encircle the surrounding area. Using the poor thermal conductivity of rice, the higher the grain pile, the better the low temperature can be maintained. If the condition of the warehouse is poor, the grain surface pressure can be used to cover the surface of the grain. The pressure of the grain surface should be tight, dense and solid to facilitate heat insulation, moisture isolation and condensation prevention at the gap.
Third, atmosphere storage
Artificial atmosphere storage. The use of artificial modified atmosphere storage can effectively delay the aging of rice, and solve the difficulties of short rice ripening period, low respiratory intensity and difficulty in natural oxygen deficiency. At present, the most widely used at home and abroad are carbon dioxide charging and nitrogen storage. Experiments have shown that rice with moisture below 13% has been stored in high-carbon dioxide for more than four years and its viability has decreased slightly. This shows that carbon dioxide has little effect on the viability of low-water rice.
Fourth, double low storage
At present, a large number of hypoxia storages are conducted. Various methods can only make the grain heaps in a state of hypoxia, which is not enough to inhibit the growth of worms and molds. However, the use of worms in the condition of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide, valve opening, breathing, coma, the use of low-dose fumigant can kill the insects, and inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The specific method is to set several application ports on the grain surface film, use a plastic tube with a diameter of 4 cm and a length of 1 meter or dry bamboo as a probe tube, drill the holes in the lower part of the probe tube, and arrange the active cork on the mouth. Under low-oxygen conditions, use 1 to 1.5 kilograms of aluminum phosphide per 500,000 kilograms of rice, place the tablet in the probe tube, stopper the cork, and then quickly seal the port with a film adhesive to obtain a better storage effect. .
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