The year's plan is in spring, and it has reached the critical period of spring management of facility grapes. Zhang Zongqin, associate professor of the Forestry College of Northwest A&F University, reminded the vast number of growers that the spring weather in the northern region changes greatly, and the temperature and temperature are alternated frequently, which brings a certain degree of influence to the grape production. The following points should be paid attention to when cultivating grapes under the facility conditions [sunlight greenhouse, plastic greenhouse (cold shed)]:
Warm and heat preservation
Extend the lighting time of the facility as much as possible. On sunny days, the insulation quilt should be uncovered early and evening to extend the exposure time of the grapes as much as possible; on cloudy and snowy days, the insulation quilt should be opened for a short time at noon to receive scattered light.
Clean the membrane surface in time to keep the membrane surface clean and dry.
Advocate the use of reflective film, hanging fill light to increase the light.
Note that the insulation quilt should not be exposed for several consecutive days, and the vent should be opened for a short time on cloudy days for ventilation.
Reduce humidity in the shed and prevent diseases
Advocate wide and narrow row cultivation or reasonable sparse planting, mulching film, and vigorously promote new technologies such as drip irrigation and under-film irrigation. During continuous overcast and snowy weather, flood irrigation is strictly prohibited.
If there is water leakage in the shed, methods such as spreading dry soil, plant ash, and stacking quicklime can be used to reduce the humidity.
After the rain, the weather is fine, and the room temperature can be raised to 28°C at noon.
Timely topdressing foliar fertilizer improves plant resistance to freezing damage
Generally, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% calcium nitrate, 1% glucose solution, antifreeze and antifreeze can be sprayed on foliage.
Prevent and control diseases in time
The first choice for disease prevention is aerosol and dust prevention. The recommended aerosols are: Chlorothalonil, broad-spectrum protection plus *** drugs, which are effective against general fungal diseases; Procymidone (Sukling) is the most effective against gray mold. Effective, avoid manual operations such as pruning and wiping buds even on cloudy days to prevent disease infection.
Strictly control irrigation
Do five pourings and five no pourings: water sunny but not overcast (pouring sunny, not cloudy); before pouring and not pouring after (pouring in the afternoon, not pouring in the afternoon); pouring small and not pouring large (pouring small water, not large water) Flood irrigation); watering warm water but not cold water (in winter, the water temperature is low, and the water should be pre-heated when the temperature is close to the ground temperature before watering. Generally, a cellar or water tank is built indoors); water). It is necessary to promptly remove old, yellow, diseased leaves and diseased fruits in the field to reduce the nutrient burden of plants.
Properly control output
Continuous low temperature rain and snow weather, weak plant growth and development, early appropriate thinning of flowers and fruits, control of yield, and early harvest of fruits, so as not to increase plant burden and reduce plant resistance to stress.
After the weather is clear, it gradually shifts to normal management.
Promptly clear the surrounding area of ​​the greenhouse
Snow and water
In case of cold weather, when the temperature of the shed is lower than 10℃, use a two-layer thermal insulation screen according to the height of the plant, cover the thermal insulation quilt or straw curtain with cold film, wrap the back wall with straw, and cover the front of the greenhouse with a straw curtain Measures such as multi-layer covering and insulation.
If the air temperature in the shed is lower than 6°C, temporary heating measures should be adopted, such as electric heating, charcoal basin, incandescent lamp, aerosol fumigation, etc., but attention should be paid to safe operation.
Clean and maintain cold-proof ditch
Replacing or supplementing the straws or leaves of the 30cm wide and 50cm deep cold-proof ditch set on the south side and the east and west sides of the greenhouse can effectively prevent the temperature drop.
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