At present, it is the key period for the formation of kiwifruit quality. So, what management measures should the fruit farmers do to improve the quality and yield of kiwifruit? On August 12, the reporter interviewed Zhao Yingjie, senior agronomist, deputy director of the Eye Industry Center of Shaanxi Province. To this end, he made the following recommendations for the majority of fruit farmers:
Water management Because of the concentrated rainfall in autumn, the drainage of the park is extremely important. Fruit farmers should check the water accumulation at any time, dredge the ditch, and reduce damage to the root system due to water accumulation, high temperature and humidity. Especially in the early autumn, if the temperature reaches 35 °C or above, and the dry hot air produced by the dry climate often causes the leaves of the kiwi fruit to dry up and the fruit is burned, so in the high temperature and drought, watering and moisturizing should be carried out.
Pest Control After the fall, the main pests and diseases of kiwifruit are soft rot, gray mold, scorpion, leaf stalk, etc. If the control is not timely, it will not only cause defoliation, fruit drop, but also cause disease during harvesting and storage. Therefore, fruit farmers should promptly use the disease according to the occurrence of pests and diseases. According to the symptoms, the disease is controlled by a triazole fungicide, 80% methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times liquid, procymidone and the like. Insect pests can be controlled with 2,500 times of cyhalothrin or 1500 times of beta-cypermethrin, and the effect of alternate use is better.
In the orchard weeding, the rainfall in autumn is gradually increasing. The majority of fruit farmers should control the grass or weeds in the orchard, and weeding in time to increase the permeability of the orchard and reduce the humidity. At the same time, it is also conducive to reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. The cut grass can be covered with a tree tray, which increases the organic matter of the orchard after rot, improves the soil aggregate structure, and enhances the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water.
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IV Infusion:
Intravenous simply means "within vein" (or "inside the vein"). Therapies administered intravenously are often included in the designation of specialty drugs. Intravenous infusions are commonly referred to as drips because many systems of administration employ a drip chamber, which prevents air from entering the blood stream (air embolism), and allows an estimation of flow rate.
Intravenous therapy may be used to correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver medications, for blood transfusion or as fluid replacement to correct, for example, dehydration. Intravenous therapy can also be used for chemotherapy.
Compared with other routes of administration, the intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout the body. The bioavailability of the medication is 100% in IV therapy.
Intravenous infusions are fluid solutions administered through a vein. There are numerous different types of solutions available, but they can be broken down into simple categories depending on the function they serve. Some replace lost fluids, and others provide nutrients, replace lost blood, and deliver medications.
One of the most common uses for intravenous infusions is to replenish fluids lost through dehydration. These infusions often contain normal saline solution, a combination of sterile water and sodium chloride. This solution is known as an isotonic crystalloid, or a solution that contains the same amount of electrolytes as plasma in the body. It is used in cases of moderate to severe dehydration, such as that caused by vomiting or diarrhea, when replacing the fluids quickly is vital.
When a patient`s gastrointestinal tract is compromised and nutrients cannot be absorbed - or eating can worsen the condition - intravenous infusions called total parenteral nutrition may be given. These solutions contain a mix of sterile water, electrolytes, sugar, proteins, fats, and other nutrients, depending on the needs of the patient. Diseases and disorders that commonly require total parenteral nutrition include late stages of Crohn`s disease, obstructive bowel disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
Intravenous infusions are also used to deliver medication directly to the blood stream. Certain medications, such as intravenous immunoglobulin, a type of antibody, can only be given through the vein. Other medications, such as certain narcotic pain relievers, are given intravenously because the method allows them to they work faster than when taken orally. Chemotherapy for treatment of cancer is also typically given intravenously.
When performed by a medical professional, intravenous infusions are typically safe. The most common reaction is mild pain and redness at the site of the injection, although different medications may cause different side effects. Any time the skin is punctured, there is a risk of infection. Having a medical professional, typically a nurse, monitor the intravenous infusion and change the injection site when irritation is evident can help prevent complications.
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