Broccoli empty stem or hollow means that the main stem of the commercial flower bulb has a hollow, but does not rot, is one of the most common physiological diseases. The empty stem is mainly formed in the mature stage of the flower ball. Initially, several small oval notches are formed in the stem tissue. As the plant matures, the small gap gradually expands and joins into a large gap, causing the stem to form a hollow. The cavity extends to the stem, which is hollow. The surface of the cavity is lignified and turns brown, but does not rot, and is free of pathogens. The presence of empty stems can be observed by slitting the flower bulbs or cutting the stems 15 to 17 cm down the top of the flower bulbs.
First, the stems of the stems are too thin, the plant growth rate is too fast, and the incidence of empty stems is high. The soil is over-fertilized, especially the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the flower growing season, which makes the plants grow too fast and the incidence of empty stems is high. Broccoli is a juicy crop that requires some soil moisture. If there is water shortage or improper watering during the vegetative growth period and flower growth period, it will easily cause empty stems. Broccoli is a kind of cool crop. The suitable growth temperature is 15-22 °C. If the planting season is improperly arranged, the flower bulb grows too fast and the temperature is above 25 °C, making the flower ball grow too fast and easy to empty stem.
In the absence of boron, the old leaves fade, thicken and become brittle, sometimes the leaves become smaller, the growth point is necrotic, can induce the structural changes of the tissue wall inside the stem, degenerate the tissue inside the stem, and accompany the lignification process, resulting in empty stems.
The susceptibility of different varieties of broccoli to empty stems is different. Some varieties have wide adaptability and are not easy to empty stems. Some varieties are easy to empty stems, while empty stems are heritable, and empty stems are not obvious. Sex.
Second, preventive measures use varieties that are not easy to empty stems, which is one of the most effective ways to prevent empty stems. When arranging broccoli sowing, it is necessary to avoid the high temperature of the flower ball in the long-term growth period. It should be planted according to the growth period of the selected variety, cultivate strong seedlings, and plant at the right time. According to the characteristics of the varieties used, it is reasonably densely planted. Generally suitable plant spacing is 30 to 45 cm, and the row spacing is 60 to 70 cm.
Choose a well-filled plot, and determine the type of fertilization and the amount of fertilization according to the soil nutrient status. Always keep the soil dry and wet. During the growth period of flower bulbs, less or no nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added, and symptoms of boron deficiency and molybdenum deficiency should be found. It is necessary to spray molybdenum fertilizer and boron fertilizer on the foliar surface in time, and apply 0.75 kg of boron fertilizer per mu to base fertilizer, and then use 0.75. Kilograms of boron fertilizer for root dressing.
Harvesting is too early, the flower ball is not fully grown, the yield is low; the harvest is too late, the stem is easy to empty, and the flower ball is loose and dry, and loses its commodity value. Generally, it takes 10 to 15 days from the current flower ball to the harvest. The harvesting standard is 12 to 15 cm in diameter, the flower ball is tight, and the flower bud is not yellow or necrotic.
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