Introducing Performance and Cultural Techniques of Yuluxiang Pear
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Shanxi Province Daixian fruit tree testing ground 13934003890
Yulu Pear is a fruit tree research institute of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Therefore, Korra Pear is a female parent and snowflake pear is a male parent. The crossbreed is a high-quality, resistant-to-hidden and medium-maturing variety. Introduced in 1982 in this field, the variety has performed well, and its introduction performance and cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.
1 Introduction performance
1.1 Fruit Economic traits The fruit is nearly spherical, with an average fruit weight of 236.8g and a maximum fruit weight of 850g. Fruit surface smooth and delicate with wax, Yang surface with a blush or dark red longitudinal stripes, peel yellow-green when harvested, yellow after storage, thin skin, small fruit is not obvious. White flesh, crisp, no residue, very few stone cells, extra juice, sweet and fragrant, excellent taste. Soluble solids content, 12.5%-16.1%, titratable acid content 0.08%-0.17%, quality on the extreme. The heart is small and the edible rate is high (90%). The fruit is resistant to storage and can be stored for 4-6 months in the natural caverns and can be stored for 6-8 months in a constant temperature freezer.
1.2 Growth results The growth of habitual saplings is strong, and as a result the tree vigor changes to moderation. The germination rate is high, the branching rate is medium, the grafted seedlings generally have 3-4 years of results, and the results of high grafting trees for 2-3 years are easy to grow into flowers, and the fruit setting rate is high, the yield is high, and the yield is stable.
1.3 In the later period of material age, in Shanxi Province, Jinxian district, the normal flowering buds in the middle and late April, early flowering in late April, full bloom in early May, mature fruit in the middle and late 9th, fruit development period about 130d. Falling leaves in mid-November.
1.4 Adaptability and stress resistance The tree has strong adaptability. It does not require strict soil requirements. Its ability to resist rot is stronger than that of pears and pears, and it is second to snowflake pears and pears. It has strong resistance to brown spot disease and its ability to resist powdery mildew. Stronger than pears, snow pear; anti-heart disease is moderate.
2 cultivation techniques
2.1 Cultivation techniques Cultivation spacing is 3mx4m, digging width is 0.8m and depth is 0.8m before planting, applying 2500kg of organic fertilizer per 667m2; pouring water after planting; Huangguan and Gan pear can be configured as early as 8 Pollination tree.
2.2 Fertilizer management In the fall, a 30-cm-long hole was dug along the tree circumference, and each plant was applied with 20 kg of organic fertilizer. And apply appropriate amount of ternary compound fertilizer. During the different growth stages of the growing season, such as budding stage and fruit expansion stage, 40% of water-soluble potash fertilizer (increased sugar content) and irrigation were timely recovered. In the early stage, nitrogen fertilizer was dominant and supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the middle and later stages, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were the main components. Supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer; foliar spray once every 10d spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.3% urea solution + photosynthetic fertilizer or spray Po, fertilization is generally combined with water, before germination, fruit enlargement period, before freezing Each time you pour water, you should water in case of drought, and you should pay attention to drainage in the rainy days from July to August.
2.3 Reasonable pruning When pruning, it is necessary to master the principles of staying more, using more, putting more, cutting more, and less vegetables. At the time of colonization, three main branches of the base were basically formed, and the improved spindle shaping was carried out from the second year. The three main branches of the base were still retained, and the spindles above the three main branches.
The whole tree leaves about 12 main branches. Pay attention to pulling branches, opening angles and picking hearts during the growing season. In August, the branches of the base were opened to 70-80, and the other main branches were opened to 90. The upright branches look like the size of their surroundings. When the space is 30cm long, they can pick up their hearts. The long branches of the whole tree should not exceed 5%, and the medium and short branches should account for more than 85%. When the space is small, they should be laid slowly to form flower buds. Condensed into groups, even if it is vigorous and upright, it should not be easily removed, and try to transform and use.
2.4 Flower and fruit management This variety has a high self-cultivation rate, strong fruit setting capacity, and large fruit size. Therefore, fruit and vegetables need to be sparse to ensure fruit quality. Each year, in the flowering stage of pear flower, fruit and fruit are left every 15-20cm after fruit set, and all the other fruits and vegetables are removed. Each fruit guarantees 50 leaves, and the fruit rate after fruits and vegetables can reach more than 90%. In order to improve the appearance quality of Yulu fragrant pear, the fruit is required to be bagged. The bagging should be carried out after the fruit is set in early June. Be careful to start the dew when it is dry in the morning. Avoid the direct sunlight at noon. Before bagging, spray the insects and fungicides on the tree first, and then select the fruit set to be reliable and light. Good fruit bagging. Do not touch the fruit stems and fruits when bagging. In addition, no bactericidal and insecticidal agents will be sprayed 20-30 days before fruit harvest to prevent excessive pesticide residues.
2.5 Pest and disease control Based on comprehensive management, pay attention to the dormant period to clear the source of pests and diseases, and protect the branches, leaves, and fruits in the growing season so that “anti-prevention and treatment†and “prevention before treatment†can be achieved.
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