The plastic pruning of hawthorn is a management measure based on the management of soil, fertilizer and water, and it is an important technology to promote the high yield of hawthorn.
First, plastic surgery
The high-yield tree shape of Hawthorn varies depending on the variety, site conditions, planting density and method. The key to a high-yielding tree shape is the ability to maximize the use of space to achieve stereoscopic results. According to the characteristics of strong trunk, obvious layering and strong light performance, it is suitable to adopt the main sparse layer shape and the natural happy shape.
The main characteristics of the early high-yield tree shape are as follows: First, low dryness. The dry height is 40-60 cm, the crown is fast, the amount of branches is large, and the dry week is thick and fast, and the result is early. The second is a short crown. The crown diameter is controlled at about 3.5 meters, the tree height is 3 to 3.5 meters, and 55 to 111 plants are planted in acre. Make full use of land and light to increase production per unit area. The third is less main branches, fewer side branches, and more branches. There are 3 to 5 main branches and 2 to 3 side branches. The main branch is tilted up and the result of the back branch is fully utilized. Each side branch should have an appropriate amount of auxiliary branches and a direct result group. The crown is compact, with good ventilation and light transmission, both internal and external. Fourth, the layer spacing is large. The distance between the layers of hawthorn trees is 1.2 to 1.5 meters, and the branches of the inner and middle parts are used to form flowers and fruit.
Second, pruning
1. Plastic trimming during the sapling period. The main characteristic of the sapling stage is that the growth amount is small in the first and second years after planting, and the growth potential is weak, which is the slow seedling stage. This period of pruning is mainly plastic surgery. The pruning method is used to select and maintain the backbone branches at all levels, and to open the angle of the backbone branches, which lays a foundation for cultivating the high-yield tree structure. When trimming, the trimming method of “first promote and then slow down†and “winter and summer combination†should be adopted. The pruning principle should be: 1 to 3 years old saplings, all the branches should be taken in medium and heavy short cuts, and many cuts are not sparse, so that they grow more strong branches, expand the crown and expand the crown, and then take flowering measures to achieve early results. The purpose. The main points of pruning in this period are: moderately short cuts on the main and side branches, and moderately branched branches that grow in parallel. There should be light and short cuts in the space, increase branching, enlarge the result parts, and no space can be slowed down and early results. Strips that grow too dense or compete with the backbone branches are properly removed.
2. The shaping of the tree in the initial result period. In addition to the tree shape, the pruning of this period should also cultivate various types of result branch groups, so that the tree body can gradually transition from a certain yield to a fruitful period. Pruning is based on the sparse and cultured results. When there is a contradiction between the auxiliary branch and the backbone branch, the auxiliary branch should be treated in time to give way to the backbone. The strong erect branches that have been retained should be laid flat to make them early. For branches with continuous results for more than two years, they should be retracted in time to prevent the result from moving outward. Competition branches with space can be cultivated into result branches, and those who are too dense can be eliminated.
3. Pruning of the fruit during the fruiting period. Continue to cultivate and trim the tree shape, improve the leaf curtain unit combination, adjust the surface condition of the exposed leaf curtain, cultivate the updated result branch group, overcome the phenomenon of large and small years, strive for high yield, stable production and high quality, and extend the fruiting period. Fine pruning should be carried out by means of short cuts, retraction, thinning and summer picking and sparse inflorescence. The ratio of the result shoot to the vegetative shoot is maintained at 2:3 or 3:2. Take the evacuation or retraction of the resulting branch group. The peripheral branches should be short and sparse, and the growth of vegetative shoots should be strengthened. Stripped branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, and branches.
4. The result is the trimming of the tree during the update period. During this period, the tree potential became weaker, the backbone branches began to sag, the scorpion branches were bare and the long branches appeared. However, the hawthorn trees were easier to renew and rejuvenate. As long as the soil and water management was strengthened, plus the pruning measures, they could be rejuvenated. The tree extends the result years. Generally, the backbone branches of each level are retracted year by year, and the result branches are re-cultivated by the long branches.
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