Fermented feed ingredients
Fermented feeds are available in a variety of raw materials, most of which are appendages or waste from industrial and agricultural production activities. Wastewater such as alcohol, sugar, monosodium glutamate, paper, oil, etc.; industrial wastes rich in organic matter such as soy sauce, starch, molasses, methanol, and acetic acid; cassava, corn stalks, cowpea vines, peanut stalks, yam skin, orange peel, etc. Cellulose substances such as soybean meal, rice bran, sawdust, etc.; protein waste such as rapeseed, cottonseed cake, and sesame cake; and wool, blood, bones, hoofs, shells, and skins discarded by slaughterhouses; livestock manure in farms even include Urban life garbage. These raw materials have low prices, low utilization rates, improper handling, and even environmental pollution. The organic combination of production, waste comprehensive utilization and environmental protection through microbial fermentation of Golden Baby can not only make up for the shortage of feed ingredients in our country and increase the utilization of raw materials, but also solve the problem of livestock and mankind's struggle for food. Faculty of Standardization and Standardization Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Associate Researcher Cai Wei, etc. Utilize bacteriophages, spores, yeasts and other micro-ecological agents for blood meal, leather powder, sesame meal, seed meal, horny meal, corn meal, etc. The raw material was subjected to mixed solid-state fermentation. As a result, the protein digestibility was increased from 75.9% before fermentation to 91.2% after fermentation.
Raw material preparation
1. Moisture. Any biological activity is inseparable from water, and microbial fermentation is the same. The moisture content of different fermentation feeds and the optimum fermentation water requirement are different. For example, the green feed silage with high water content should be dried for two hours or added with auxiliary materials before fermentation, while the chicken manure with low water content and other raw materials must increase its moisture content, and the general water content can be fermented at 40%-80%. The standard for judging the water content simply is: When the material is squeezed by hand, water will be printed out from the finger gap, but it does not drop out for the degree.
2. Energy protein balance (combined with fermentation). The mixed protein, cottonseed meal, peanut cake, sesame cake, and sunflower seed cake are high in protein content and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is small; while the carbon and nitrogen of straw, weeds, etc. are relatively high, taking into account the energy of microbial fermentation. The balance with the protein, that is, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is generally 25:1, so if the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is not balanced before fermentation, the various raw materials must be fermented with other raw materials.
3. Calcium and phosphorus. Calcium and phosphorus have an important role in promoting the fermentation of feed, not only can improve the quality of fermentation, but also can effectively promote the absorption of nutrients in fermented feed. Because of the low content of calcium and phosphorus in root crops and potato stalks of potato crops, rice dumplings, and starch waste, calcium superphosphate (phosphorus fertilizer) or calcium hydrogen phosphate need to be added to promote fermentation, but for most of the raw materials, it is not fermented. Need to add calcium and phosphorus.
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