You may have heard that kissing for 10 seconds can exchange 80 million oral bacteria. Kissing is a common way for couples to express sweetness and joy. In addition to the sour taste of love, the faintness also shines with the spirit of "smoothness."
The 80 million bacteria are amazing, but most of them are harmless “eat melonsâ€. Such large-scale bacterial migration has little effect on couples. But there are always some "stirring crowbars" that look like sweet people. No, a bunch of viruses are coming along with "shunning".
Figure | EBV is the main force that causes "kissing disease"
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the main force of "kissing disease". Once infected, it will cause fever, pain, fatigue and other symptoms similar to the flu. In the U.S. 90% of the population has been infected with EBV.
A virus that seems to be painless, but it is endless. Recently, researchers from the United States have discovered a larger "conspiracy" behind the virus - once infected with the virus, the expression of certain genes in patients may open, leading to systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid The risk of developing six autoimmune diseases such as arthritis has increased significantly. In the United States, there are approximately 8 million patients with these diseases. Details of the study were published in the journal Nature Genetics.
The feeling of love? Maybe it’s the taste of “kissing diseaseâ€
The first kiss with a lover always has a special place in the memory - shy blush, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, you think this is the taste of love, but perhaps you are just a viral trick.
Infectious mononucleosis (IM), commonly known as "kissing disease", also known as "kissing fever", is caused by human herpesvirus type 4 (EBV), adenovirus and cytomegalovirus. Viral diseases, of which EBV is the major pathogenic virus. This disease can cause a relatively high content of mononuclear macrophages, which is transmitted through saliva and also through blood. It occurs mainly in adolescents and spreads widely. More than 90% of the population over 20 years old in the United States have Infected with this disease, in the underdeveloped areas, the infection rate has reached 90% at the age of 2 years.
The symptoms of "kissing disease" are quite similar to those of the flu. When the virus invades, it infects the respiratory tract and the lungs, causing fever and sore throat. Therefore, many patients infected with the disease often think that they have caught a cold. Infected with the virus generally does not require treatment, it can be cured on its own within a few days to half a year, often accompanied by fatigue after recovery. At the same time, infected patients will gain immunity, and it will be difficult to re-infect the disease in the future. Therefore, the chance of getting sick in adulthood during adolescence is greatly reduced.
It seems that it is irrelevant, but in fact, there is a hidden wrist behind it. For decades, scientists have found that infection with EBV is inextricably linked to the development of immune system diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Not only that, children who have been infected with EBV may have lupus than their peers. Sex is 50 times higher. Despite the clues, the straightness is still confusing.
EBV and autoimmune diseases
Lupus erythematosus is a series of autoimmune diseases in which the immune system attacks its normal tissues abnormally. Symptoms can occur throughout the body, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known as systemic lupus erythematosus.
When John Harley (the first author of the study) was still studying at the medical school, a good friend died of lupus erythematosus, and since then he has vowed to make the disease clear. Now, 40 years later, a medical student has become a rheumatologist at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. After unremitting efforts with his colleagues, he finally discovered the clues behind the disease.
In past experience, scientists have found that patients infected with EBV have a higher risk of developing disease (systemic lupus erythematosus), and researchers have found that special genotypes have a higher risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. . Harley therefore suspects that after infection of EBV in certain genotype (susceptible variants), the protein that the virus uses to regulate its own gene expression is likely to interact with some of the patient's own high-risk genes, regulate expression and cause disease.
The Harley team therefore compared three B-lymphocyte sequencing databases to explore the binding sites of EBV-related proteins in the B lymphocyte genome. In the evaluation of five EBV-related proteins, one of the proteins called EBNA2 interacted with almost half of the systemic lupus erythematosus genetic risk sites (European descent).
The researchers then further analyzed the genetic risk sites of more than 100 other diseases and found that EBNA2 can also increase the risk of other six autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes. .
"This study is a new mode of thinking for genetic susceptibility and the relationship between genetic risk and the environment," said Amr Sawalha, a geneticist and rheumatologist from the University of Michigan, although not involved in the study. However, it is still highly regarded. He believes that this study reveals for the first time the possibility of environmental factors (such as viruses, bacterial infections, malnutrition, pollution, etc.) to stimulate immune diseases in individuals with different genetic risks.
However, some researchers prefer to see the "real hammer". Because it relies too much on the connection between large amounts of data, the mechanism without biological basis is like a castle in the air. "Please give me the biological evidence," said George Tsokos, a rheumatologist from Boston.
But Tsokos does not deny the conversion of research thinking that may result from this result. If the results are true, the invention of the future EBV vaccine will not only prevent the "kissing fever", but will also bring about the "side effects" of the end of the unexpected immune disease. Or for some autoimmune diseases, simply inhibit the binding of EBNA2 or other related proteins to specific sites, and you can do more with less.
A kiss will be a lifelong, and there should be a beautiful vision in the kiss: the life and death are broad, and the child is old, and the virus is awkward. Nowadays, researchers are removing the stalkers one by one. I believe that one day, the kiss between lovers will be closer to love and more pure.
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