Fusarium oxysporum wilt is a kind of intractable soil fax fungus disease that is unique to watermelon. It not only results in the death of watermelon root seedlings and part of the above ground stem, but also reduces seedling production. Moreover, the pathogenic bacteria can contaminate the soil, and the invasive power can reach 4-7 years. , so that the watermelon can not be planted. Watermelon wilt disease prevention and control is mainly implemented to implement crop rotation, selection of disease-resistant varieties, supplemented by pesticide sterilization. In recent years, more methods have been used for grafting seedlings of melons and watermelons, and the use of the disease resistance of roots of melons has achieved the goal of prevention and treatment of the disease. The adoption of this new method has good disease prevention effect and can protect melon seedlings from pathogens, but pathogens within 60 centimeters of the soil are not killed, coupled with difficult technical difficulties, high grafting material prices, and rising production costs. It is difficult for melon farmers to accept. Although pesticides such as 50% dexamethasone, 23% chromium-ammonia, 70% thiophanate-methyl, etc. can kill fusarium wilt, they will accumulate pesticide residues in watermelon and endanger food safety.
In order to explore the ideal method for controlling watermelon wilt disease, we tested it in Dazhai Village and Qianlong Village, Nanzhai Town, Qianyang County for 6 years, using the new technology of biogas slurry base fertilizer + biogas slurry soaking + biogas slurry spray fertilizer + biogas slurry irrigation Fusarium wilt of watermelon not only controls the occurrence of a large area of ​​disease, but also gradually kills the pathogens in the soil, and obtains a higher yield, and the quality of watermelon is also improved. The main points of prevention of this law are as follows:
1. When biogas residue is used as a base fertilizer for soil preparation, 2,000-2,500 kg of biogas residue or 2,500-3,500 kg of biogas fertilizer is applied per acre. Base fertilizer for watermelon seedbed can also use biogas fertilizer instead of ordinary farmyard fertilizer.
2. Soaking with biogas slurry The fresh pure biogas slurry is diluted 20 times with fresh water. After agitating and volatilizing hydrogen sulfide gas, the dried watermelon seeds are bagged and immersed in a good biogas slurry. After 8 hours, the water is rapidly washed out with fresh water. Dry it. Can be directly sowed, can also be used for seedling watermelon seedlings.
3. Fermented slurry of biogas slurry sprayed into the 5-leaf stage, can start spraying foliar fertilizer with pure biogas slurry. For the first time, the biogas slurry should be diluted 20 times with fresh water, sprayed to the back of the leaves, melon vines, and the surface at the same time, spraying 30 kg per acre. The second dilution was 15 times, spraying 50 kg per acre. The third dilution is 5 times, spraying 60 kg per acre. The fourth time without dilution, spray directly with biogas slurry and spray 60 kg per acre.
4. Biogas Irrigation During the growth of watermelons, if there are symptoms of wilt disease in individual seedlings in the field, timely biogas slurry must be used to irrigate the roots every 7 days until they are fully recovered.
5. Precautions This method requires at least 7 years of continuous use on dry land and 4 years on paddy fields to eradicate the wilt pathogens in the soil of watermelon fields. The number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil and the number of injurious plants on the guava seedlings, and the extent of damage caused by the increase in the number of years of use decreased year by year. In the meantime, watermelons can be grown year after year.
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