Potato is one of the five staple foods in China and is also the main food crop. It has a high nutritional value, but various pests and diseases occur frequently during the planting process, especially potato black smut and late blight, which have a serious impact on yield and quality. Next, follow the Xiaobian to learn about the symptoms and prevention measures of these common diseases.
Potato black shank
1.1 Symptoms
It mainly infects stems and tubers and belongs to bacterial soft rot disease. The most obvious symptoms are that the diseased plants are obviously short, the heart leaves are yellowed, become smaller, the leaves are rolled up, the diseased parts are dark brown, and finally they become black and rot.
Black rash is mainly caused by diseased potato. It is invaded by wounds, and there is a lot of rain and low stagnation. When the temperature is high and the humidity is high, the potato pieces are easily rotted, causing a large number of infections.
1.2 Prevention measures
(1) Use resistant varieties.
(2) Use disease-free seed potatoes.
(3) germination and germination, and eliminate diseased potatoes.
(4) Early sowing, pay attention to drainage, reduce soil moisture, increase ground temperature, and promote early emergence.
(5) It is found that the diseased plant is removed in time or diluted with 55% dikesone 500~800 times, or sprayed at the base of the stem to remove the diseased body in the field, and the rotation is reasonably reversed to avoid continuous cropping.
2. Potato late blight
2.1 Symptoms
Mainly infringes on leaves, stems and potato tubers. Potato late blight can occur at any time, even in humid and cool environments. When the leaves are infected, there will be water-soaked green-brown spots, and when the humidity is high, they will spread to the entire leaves. When the stem is infected, brown streaks will appear, and the severely affected leaves will sag and shrink until the whole plant is black rot, giving off a spoiled smell. If the tuber is infected, there will be abnormally concave purple-brown large lesions on the surface of the tuber, which will gradually expand or rot around.
2.2 Prevention measures
(1) Seeding of disease-resistant varieties is selected, and the seed potatoes can be single-received, single-storage, and single-storage.
(2) Timely monitoring. The diseased plants were found to be removed in time, brought to the field for deep burial, and the diseased points were lime-disinfected.
(3) When planting, prepare two or more cutters, invade them in a dish containing 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol and other disinfectant, cut into pieces with one knife, and cut into diseased potatoes. After the rotten potato, immediately change another knife.
(4) Strengthen field management, rational fertilization, cultivate strong seedlings, prevent lodging, and timely drain water.
3. Potato early blight
3.1 Symptoms
When early blight occurs, starting from the lower old leaves, the leaf lesions are nearly round, dark brown, with concentric wheel pattern, black mold on the spot when wet, and faded yellowish tissue at the leaf edge. The disease has shown an upward trend in recent years.
3.2 Prevention measures
(1) Use early-maturing resistant varieties and harvest early in time.
(2) Strengthen cultivation management. Choose land with high topography and fertile soil, add organic fertilizer, and improve disease resistance.
(3) After harvesting, plough down and avoid infestation.
(4) Store properly and store the potato in a cool, ventilated place.
The common diseases that occur during the potato planting process are mentioned here for the time being. Only after understanding these diseases can the right medicine be prescribed. In the key period and key links of planting potatoes, corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken to minimize the damage to achieve High-yield and high-quality purposes.
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