Watermelon greenhouse cultivation is fine intensive cultivation, and it is highly technical. Only by adopting comprehensive supporting measures can the purpose of early maturity, high yield, and high efficiency be achieved.
First, soil preparation Fertilizer greenhouses generally have a higher density of cultivation, so soil preparation must be fine. If winter sheds are used, deep plowing should be done 25 centimeters before winter to freeze hoeing to loosen the soil. In general, per acre base fertilizer application of high quality manure fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg or fully decomposed chicken manure 3000 ~ 4000 kg, superphosphate 50 kg, potassium sulfate 15 ~ 20 kg, fully cooked cake fat 100 kg. After half of the basic fertilizer is fully applied, it is turned into the soil. After the ground is leveled, the other half of the base ditch is generally grown in small high ridges and sorghum, and the row spacing is 1 to 1.2 meters. In the case of dense planting, grafting cultivation, double vine pruning, and 1 melon per plant, small high ridges were formed at a spacing of 1 meter. When using the ground worm, it can be used as a north-south squat (parallel to the greenhouse).
Second, transplanting and colonizing greenhouse watermelon in the case of covering three layers of film, than double-covered planting dry cultivation will be about 10 days, the density is greater than the double shed double cover cultivation, and requires careful pruning. The use of close-grass cultivation is more dense than that of the ground.
Third, temperature, humidity management (a) temperature management. In the greenhouse 5 to 7 days after planting watermelon, pay attention to raising the temperature. If the daytime temperature in the shed is higher than 35°C, shading and cooling should be managed. Ventilation can be started after easing the seedlings to adjust the temperature inside the shed. Generally, the daylight temperature in the shed should not exceed 32°C, and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 15°C. When the melon vine grows about 31 centimeters, a small shed in the greenhouse can be removed. During the full bloom of watermelon in greenhouses, adequate illumination and high night temperatures should be maintained, because if the temperature is lower at night after artificial pollination, it will affect the expansion of watermelon and cause it to fall. When the outside temperature exceeds 18°C, the ventilation should be increased. Both sides of the sunroof and the greenhouse should be opened for ventilation at the same time so that the daytime temperature in the shed is not higher than 30°C to prevent the temperature difference between day and night being too large, resulting in deterioration of the meat quality and quality of the watermelon. (b) humidity management. In general, the relative humidity in the shed is high, and the cover film can significantly reduce the relative humidity in the shed. Generally, the relative humidity in the shed during the early growth period of the watermelon is low, but after the melon pod is full (in close planting) or enclosed (in the ground cultivating), the amount of irrigated water increases and the relative humidity in the shed increases. At this time, the relative humidity in the shed is generally between 60% and 70% 0, and up to 90% at night. In order to reduce the relative humidity in the shed and reduce the disease, cool and warm measures may be taken to close the sheds in due course during the day, increase air circulation, and reduce the evaporation of soil surface between rows. In the late stage of watermelon growth, the relative humidity in the shed is preferably kept at 60% to 70%.
Fourth, light and gas composition adjustment (a) increase the amount of lighting. Watermelon requires strong light. However, due to condensation or uncleanness on the surface of the shed film, the light intensity in the shed is often reduced, especially in the case of multi-layer coverage. Therefore, care should be taken to keep the shed film clean, without using old films with poor light transmission. (b) Regulation of gas composition in sheds. The carbon dioxide content in the air under the confined conditions is seriously deficient, affecting the normal photosynthesis and assimilation product accumulation. Applying carbon dioxide gas fertilizer can increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the shed and supplement the carbon dioxide content in the shed.
Fifth, pruning vines (a) pruning. Greenhouse watermelon under strict planting conditions should be strictly pruned. When the main vine grows 30-50 centimeters, the side vines have also clearly extended. When the side vine grows to 20 centimeters, a strong side vine is selected from the middle vine and all the others are removed. After the main vine, the lateral vines grow on the side vines. To remove it in time, leave 10 to 15 leaves on top of the seated melon to top. The pruning work must be carried out before the melons sit. When the planting is carried out using a stand, planting the side vines must be carried out until the saplings are fully covered and topping. When removing lateral vines, tendrils must be removed. (b) Stretch the vines. Bamboo rafts and slings can be used for scaffolding, but bamboo rafts are better because bamboo rafts are less likely to cause melons to fall. In 20 days after the watermelon is planted in the greenhouse, the main vine grows about 30 centimeters. After removing the small shed in the greenhouse, insert the rack immediately. Insert two bamboo rakes per plant and insert them on both sides of the plant, 10 centimeters from the root of the plant. To be inserted firmly, stand upright, and start to introduce and bind the vine after inserting the frame.
Six, artificial pollination should be pollinated at 8 to 9 am. Cloudy male flower powder late, can be postponed. In order to prevent cloudy male pollinating late, the male flower that can be opened the next day can be taken back in the afternoon and placed indoors in a dry and warm place, so that it can bloom and loosen powder on the next morning and pollinate the female flower with this flower. Pollination should be started from the second female flower in order to retain the melon.
Seven, select the melon and melon to improve the single melon weight, so that the melon shape is correct, should choose to leave the second female flower sitting melon, stay too early if the melon is small and melon shape is not correct, too late is not conducive to the morning market. Generally 3 to 5 days after pollination, the melon-fetus is obviously grown up, and it is better to keep the melon on the main vine, and the main vine can not stay, and can stay on the side vines. In the use of close-grass cultivation, when the melon grows up to a large bowl mouth, it should be carried out in time to prevent melons from increasing and falling.
Eight, top-dressing watermelon in the watering canopy should not be too large. After easing the seedlings, if the ground does not dry, you can not water; if it is too dry, you can pour a dive through the ditch.
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