Since the emergence of corn this year, it has been severely disturbed by abnormal weather for a long time, and the accumulated temperature of the activity is relatively low. Moreover, the precipitation in most areas is also lower than usual, resulting in slower growth of maize plants and obvious dwarf plants. The effective leaf area of ​​plant functional leaves is significantly lower. Photosynthetic capacity declines. At present, the plant height, culm, leaf area and biomass of corn seedlings in most fields in our county are affected. In view of this year's situation, on June 20th we investigated the corn production in Shiling Town, and at the same time combined with the results of our town’s many years of abundance orientation tests, we asked the farmers' friends about how to allow the field corn seedlings to grow normally as soon as possible. A few suggestions.
I. Survey results
(I) Survey results of corn production
1. Survey scope: 17 villages under the jurisdiction of Shiling Town. The total area planted by the participating villages in 2016 was 89,000 mu. In 2017, the total sown area of ​​corn was 82,000 mu, and the area sown by corn was reduced by 7.88%.
2. Seed and seedling investigation results
(1) Investigation result of the sowing period
The sowing date for 2016 will be from April 16 to May 15 and will be mainly concentrated between April 20th and May 10th, with a large span of time. The sowing time for 2017 will be from April 20 to May 15. Between days, but mainly concentrated between April 25 and May 10, compared with the relatively concentrated sowing date.
(2) Survey result of seedling rate
The emergence rate in 2016 was 84.54%, and the emergence rate in 2016 was 91.67%. In 2017, the emergence rate increased by 7.13%.
(3) Survey on the rate of regular emergence of maize
In 2016, the percentage of a class of seedlings in the current year was 89.55%. In 2017, it was only 85.08%, which was 4.46 percentage points lower than in 2016; and the proportion of second class seedlings in 2016 was 5.27%, but in 2017, it was 8.08%, an increase of 2.81 percentage points; the proportion of the three types of seedlings in 2016 was 3.09%, but in 2017 it was 4.42%, 1.33 percentage points higher than in 2016. The regularity of corn emergence in 2017 was not as good as in 2016, with more of the second and third types of seedlings.
3, corn plant traits survey results
In the plant height, the plant height surveyed in the same period of 2016 was 89.27 cm, and the plant height in 2017 was 76.33 cm, which was a decrease of 12.94 cm compared with the same period of last year and the reduction rate was 14.49%.
On stems, the survey for the same period of 2016 was 3.04 centimeters, while in 2017 it was only 2.61 centimeters, which was a decrease of 0.43 centimeters from the same period of last year, with a reduction rate of 14.1%.
In terms of leaf age, the survey results for the same period of 2016 were 10.14, and this year's current leaf age was 9.16, a decrease of 0.98 compared with the same period of last year, and the reduction rate was 9.65%.
4. Survey of disaster conditions
(1) In the same period of 2016, the villages and towns surveyed in Lishu County had only 800 acres of drought, no locust plagues and pests and diseases, but the number of phytotoxicity was relatively more, amounting to 2,800 mus; and since the spring of 2017, drought has affected 21,500 mus and the area of ​​disease and insect pests was 1,700 mus. The disaster was significantly greater than 2016. However, in 2017, the damage was lighter than in 2016, only 600 acres.
(II) Long-term positioning test results of corn
In the survey data of May 30, the fresh weight of corn in 2017 was higher than that in 2016 and the same period of the calendar year, and only the visible leaf was less than the levels in 2016 and calendar years.
In the test data of June 10th, whether the plant height, visible leaf or fresh weight was significantly smaller than the data of the same period of the calendar year, and was significantly smaller than the test data of the same period in 2016.
In the trial data of June 20, in plant height, the plant height in 2017 was 5.4 cm higher than that in the same period of the previous year, but it was 25.4 cm lower than in 2016; however, the leaf was obviously smaller than that in 2016 and the same period of the calendar year. Above the level of one leaf; the fresh weight of corn plants in 2017 was slightly lower than that of previous years, but the fresh weight of 2016 was more than twice as high as in 2017 (see the attached table for details).
Second, the survey results summary analysis
(a) Due to temperature and soil moisture, the emergence rate in 2017 was better, but the phenomenon of three types of seedlings was more serious.
(b) As a result of persistent low-temperature climate, resulting in corn plant seedling age, corn plant biological characteristics indicators are normal, to June 20 when the level below the calendar year, and significantly lower than the corresponding data for the same period in 2016.
(3) As a result of abnormal weather conditions, there have been more disasters for corn seedlings in 2017 at present.
Third, the proposed measures
The first is to strengthen the management of intertillage. At present, it is better to carry out the digging and deepening of the furrows. To improve the ground temperature, especially the low-lying land, break the plow bottom layer, promote the development of the root system, or artificially loosen the soil, mainly to help the soil absorb enough. The heat is used to ensure the rapid growth of corn seedlings and strong seedlings.
Secondly, to strengthen the management of weak seedlings, the cultivation of seedlings can be promoted by means of top dressing outside the roots, and the weak seedlings can grow quickly. Applying P and K fertilizers at the seedling stage can improve the growth environment of corn, and it has a certain effect on reducing the cold damage. According to the measurement of 50 kg of water, add 150 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 500 grams of urea, 250 grams of rice vinegar, first use warm water to make up the mother liquor, and add water to make the fertilizer solution for spraying 2-3 times, every 5-7 Spray once a day. Or spraying humic acid foliar fertilizer in the field to promote nutrient absorption, and use Zhuang root agent, microbial fungus fertilizer to improve soil physical and chemical properties.
Third, we must strengthen water management and timely supplement irrigation of dry land. When supplementing irrigation, it is not easy to use flood irrigation, it is best to use sprinkler irrigation, so that the irrigation of water is suitable for underground fluvo-aquicture, because too much water is not suitable for the elevation of the ground temperature.
Fourth: To prevent and treat pests and weeds in time.
Fifth: If the breed has a long period of growth, the adoption of the situation will promote early maturing measures.
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