The previous article talked about the breeding techniques of seedling management . Today, Xiaobian and you talk about the important part of the artificial cultivation technology - field management.
Muscle seedling
The seedling period is generally about one and a half months. The management work during this period cannot be ignored. First of all, we must pay attention to the time seedlings, remove the dense, thin and diseased seedlings, and choose to grow strong seedlings. There is no need to have more roots and deeper soil layers, so the movement of the seedlings should be light and steady. Do not bring other seedlings together. In the seedling stage, the seedlings are generally 2 times, which can be carried out once when the seedling height is 15 cm and 30 cm. At this time, in order to ensure the seedlings and the seedlings, it is necessary to timely replenish the seedlings and ridges, that is, to select the growth from the seedlings. The robust seedlings are slightly soiled for replanting. After planting, the root water should be poured to ensure survival. In order to ensure the survival rate of the seedlings, the seedlings and the seedlings are best selected for cloudy days or evening days, especially in the hot days during the day.
2. cultivating and weeding
Weeds grow in the seedling stage of the earthworms, and the soil is easy to knot. If there are too many weeds in the seedbed, it will affect the growth and development of the seedlings. So always keep the field free of grass and loose soil. It is generally necessary to carry out 2 to 3 times of cultivating and weeding, and each time you need to be shallow, do not hurt the roots.
3. Fertilizing and watering
In order to make the seedlings grow stronger, the seedling stage should pay attention to proper fertilization. In the initial stage of seedling disintegration, 20~30 kg of urea should be applied every 1/15 hectare (1 mu) to promote seedling growth. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the excerpt, and the moist soil in the field plays an important role in promoting the growth and development of the roots of the alfalfa, which can greatly enhance the lodging resistance in the growing season . Therefore, it is necessary to water the seedlings 2~3 times in the seedling stage, so that the surface of the soil should be poured. In the early morning areas or in the dry period, the number of watering should be increased appropriately. Time is best to choose evening or early morning.
4. Pest control
It should be observed frequently during the seedling period to prevent the occurrence of pests such as leaf blight. If the disease occurs, it can be sprayed with methyl thiophanate 1000 times solution or carbendazim 800 times solution. Spray once every 7 days, spray 2~3 times to control.
Growth period management
The early-maturing varieties are usually about four and a half months from emergence to harvest, and the mid-late and late-maturing varieties are about six or seven months. Generally, after the seedling period, it enters the rapid growth period. This period is an important management stage related to the yield of alfalfa, so it is necessary to pay special attention.
Irrigation and weeding
The cultivating and weeding can loosen the surface soil, effectively improve the soil water retention and water storage capacity, and reduce the competition of weeds on the soil moisture and nutrients. At the same time, it can enhance the ventilation and light transmission in the field, promote the growth of stems, and help prevent the breeding of various pests. Therefore, cultivating is the most important daily management work of artificial cultivation techniques. Practice has proved that the well-developed alfalfa plantation grows well and the output is much higher than the less. Therefore, we must not neglect this link. The roots are shallow, and the cultivating is suitable for shallow shovel to prevent root damage. Valerian can be used for hoeing or pulling grass by hand. Generally, it is necessary to cultivate valerian 3~4 times in the growth stage, with an average of 1 time per month.
2. Remove the foot leaf
The base blade of the plant is often referred to as the foot leaf. After the stagnation of the joints, the leaves and the inactive sacs below the first branch should be removed to facilitate the ventilation and light transmission in the field, and the stalks are thickened to prevent lodging. Picking the foot leaves can be carried out simultaneously with the weeding.
3. Soil
After each cultivating the hoe, it is necessary to use the iron shovel to cultivate the base of the scorpion. This is an important measure to promote the roots and trees to prevent lodging. When cultivating the soil, the soil shovel in the middle of the line is piled up to the root of the raft. Generally, the height of the soil is about 10 cm. The formation of shallow gullies in the middle of the line is also conducive to water storage and irrigation. The action should be light when cultivating the soil, especially for the more densely planted varieties, but also pay attention to not being able to shovel or step on the plants.
4. Watering
è–è‹¡ hi water. Diligent watering irrigation is a necessary part of Huimin's standardized production. Watering can be carried out by sprinkling irrigation or drainage. Although it is a positive wet plant, it is not as much as possible. Mastering the period of watering is also the key to ensuring good growth. In the first half of the growing season to one month, the soil should be kept moist. When the score reaches 2 to 4, the field can be properly dried for at least half a month. This can also control the increase of small tillers and ineffective tillers. Prevent stems and leaves from growing and falling late. After that, water is poured in time to promote the growth of the plants, usually once every 10 days. Pay attention to the amount of water to be moderate, keep the field moist, no water. In the flowering period, cockroaches are most afraid of drought. If the soil moisture is insufficient, not only will the results be less, but the fruit will be empty and the seeds will not be full. However, it is necessary to stop the irrigation for about half a month before harvesting in order to facilitate harvesting.
5. Fertilization
With the development of China's crop production to standardized production and gradual high-efficiency agriculture, in order to enhance the yield and quality, rational fertilization plays an important role in the production of these crops. Fertilization can effectively ensure the healthy growth of the intended, but in order to improve The quality of the food or the pass rate of the export is reduced, and the harmful chemical components in the product are reduced. Generally, no chemical fertilizer is applied in the fertilization in the growing season, and the manure and water are mainly used. The manure and manure are usually taken in the field to build a septic tank. The septic tank is made of cement. The depth is about 1 meter. The area can be determined according to the size of the planting land. It is necessary to pay attention to the fermentation of human and animal manure in the pool after a period of fermentation. It can be used after being cooked. When it is used, it can be extracted by a pump or the like, and transmitted through a plastic pipe or the like. At this time, the manure should be evenly poured on the root of the clam, and the manure water should be applied 3 to 4 times during the growth period. The following standards can be applied for each application: in the first month of the growing season, it is necessary to focus on raising the seedlings, and fertilize once, and apply about 1200 kg of humus water per 1/15 hectare (1 mu). In the middle of growth, the second and third months of the growing season, mainly to promote the sturdy stalks and long spikes, fertilize 1 to 2 times, and apply 1000 kg of humus water per 1/15 hectare (1 mu). In the filling stage after heading, in order to promote the grain weight and prevent premature senescence of the plant, about 800 kg of humus water should be applied. This standard fertilization is beneficial to increase the yield.
6. Chemical control technology
Eucalyptus high-stalk crops need to be chemically controlled to achieve the purpose of rooting and strong plants. The main method is to spray plant growth regulators on stems and leaves. The specific dosage is: in the early stage of alfalfa growth, it can be used as a propellant. ~20g water 50kg or paclobutrazol 5~10g water plus 60kg preparation solution, and then evenly applied to the leaves and stalks of alfalfa, generally spraying once can effectively inhibit the growth of the plant and promote the sub-sac Enhance the anti-reverse function, change the seedlings into strong seedlings, and accumulate sufficient nutrients for the growth of the scented fruit.
When the sorghum plant enters the flowering fruit stage, it is also in the middle and late stages of plucking, and every 1/15 hectare (1 mus) is sprayed with stalks of 5 to 10 grams of water and 60 kilograms of water to uniformly spread the stalks and leaves. Anti-reverse disease resistance function to prevent premature aging of plants. In addition, in the flowering period, every 1/15 hectare (1 mu) should be sprayed 1~2 times with foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150-200 g or zinc sulfate 150 g plus water 60 kg, which is not only è–è‹¡Plant growth provides sufficient trace elements, which can also increase plant stem diameter, fruit fullness, and increase 1000-grain weight, so as to increase production and income.
7. Artificial assisted pollination
It is a single flower, and it is pollinated by wind. After entering the flowering period, if you often encounter windless or breezy weather, you need to manually shake the plants to make the pollen fly to assist pollination. You can prepare a wooden stick, evenly beat and shake the stem of the plant, or shake the plant left and right to make the pollination full, pay attention to the moderate movement, do not force the plant to break. Artificial assisted pollination can also be carried out by sprayer-assisted pollination. This artificial wind-assisted pollination method not only improves the work efficiency, but also has a good pollination effect, but it should be noted that the air outlet of the sprayer should not be too close to the flower spike to avoid blowing the flower. ear. Artificial-assisted pollination is generally carried out at 10:00 am to 12:00 pm, during which the plant has a higher rate of powder application.
8. Pest control
Benzene has strong resistance to pests and diseases, but it should also be observed frequently and promptly controlled, such as leaf blight or black disease. They mainly damage the leaf parts that are modified, and the prevention can be sprayed with 600 times of the 50% multi-speaker, and the spraying is generally carried out 3-4 times for prevention. average
Spray once every 1 month. If there is a phenomenon of pest invasion, it must be prevented in time. The pests of cockroaches are mainly corn and armyworms. These pests are generally most seriously damaged during the flowering and flowering period, and their larvae penetrate into the heart leaves to bite the mesophyll or petals. The control can be sprayed with 50% of the 50% of the media or 200g of insecticidal water for 60g of water per 1/15 hectare (1 mu), sprayed once every 3 days, and sprayed 3~4 times.
Harvesting and processing
The planting can be harvested in the same year, and the specific harvesting period varies depending on the variety and sowing date. Early-maturing varieties can be harvested in August, while late-maturing is harvested in November. The same grain maturity is also inconsistent. Generally, when the lower leaves of the plants turn yellow, and the seeds have about 80% mature discoloration, they can be harvested. When harvesting, you should choose to cut the whole plant on a sunny day. The cut plants can be concentrated for 3 to 4 days before being threshed by artificial or threshing machine. After threshing, dry and clean, you can store it for spare or for export, or you can take off the outer shell and seed coat and eat it at any time.
In recent years, in order to adjust the structure of the planting industry, improve the soil, improve the utilization of resources such as light, temperature, water, gas and soil, and achieve the comprehensive benefits of increasing production and income, the carp can also be interplanted with other crops to complement each other. For example, Chinese wolfberry and Chinese herbal medicine Pinellia interplanting is a good planting mode. This kind of model has greatly promoted the process of agricultural industrialization, ensured agricultural real estate, and increased income, and it is worth promoting and exploring. It not only has the functions of strengthening the spleen and nourishing the lungs, clearing away heat and discharging pus, but also an important raw material for food manufacturers to make canned food. Its economic value is high, and its low output and high yield characteristics are welcomed by more and more farmers. . Only by learning scientific and systematic cultivation methods and constantly improving its own agricultural technology can we better and efficiently follow the path of modern agricultural standardized production development.
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