First, inorganic fertilizer knowledge
A, nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer is divided into three types according to the form of its nitrogen compounds: ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and amide nitrogen fertilizer.
1, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer
Any nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer in the form of NH 4 + or NH 3 is an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. Including liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate (referred to as ammonium bicarbonate), ammonium sulfate (referred to as ammonium sulfate), ammonium chloride (referred to as ammonium chloride).
Liquid ammonia: alkaline reaction, suitable for base fertilizer in autumn and winter. Deep application of soil.
Ammonia: It is an alkaline reaction, which can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing, but it can not be used as seed fertilizer. Deep application of soil.
Ammonium bicarbonate: The aqueous solution is alkaline and can be used as a base fertilizer or top dressing, but it cannot be used as a seed fertilizer. Deep application of soil.
Ammonium sulfate: The aqueous solution is acidic and can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing and seed fertilizer. Deep application of soil. Long-term application has the tendency to acidify the soil and is a physiological acid fertilizer.
Ammonium chloride: The aqueous solution is acidic and can be used as a base fertilizer or top dressing, but it cannot be used as a seed fertilizer. Deep application of soil. Long-term application has the tendency to acidify the soil and is a physiological acid fertilizer.
2, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer is nitrate nitrate in the form of NO3-. Including calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate (referred to as ammonium nitrate).
Ammonium nitrate: The aqueous solution is acidic and should be used as a top dressing. It is generally not used as a base fertilizer and cannot be used as a seed fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is generally not used in rice fields.
3. Amide nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen in the form of amide (CO-NH2) is an amide nitrogen fertilizer such as urea.
Urea: The aqueous solution is neutral, suitable for all kinds of soils and crops. It can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing. Generally, it is not used as seed fertilizer. Regardless of the application on the soil, it should be properly applied or applied immediately after application.
B, phosphate fertilizer
Phosphate fertilizer can be divided into water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, weak acid-soluble phosphate fertilizer and poorly soluble phosphate fertilizer according to its water solubility.
1. Water-soluble phosphate fertilizer
It includes general calcium phosphate and heavy superphosphate. Their common feature is that the phosphate contained in the fertilizer exists in the form of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O], which is easily soluble in water and can be directly absorbed by plants, and is a quick-acting phosphate fertilizer.
Superphosphate: referred to as calcium, it is acidic, can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing. Centralized application and deep application should be carried out.
Heavy superphosphate: It is a kind of high-concentration phosphate fertilizer. Because its effective phosphorus content is 2-3 times that of common calcium, it is also called three-material phosphate fertilizer or three-material superphosphate. The application method is the same as that of ordinary calcium.
2, weak acid soluble phosphate fertilizer
Phosphate fertilizers containing dissolved phosphorus (2% citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate or slightly alkaline ammonium citrate) are collectively referred to as weak acid soluble phosphate fertilizers. Including calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, precipitated phosphate fertilizer and defluorinated phosphate fertilizer.
Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: the aqueous solution is alkaline, its fertilizer effect on acidic soil is equivalent to or exceeds superphosphate, and the fertilizer effect on calcareous soil is lower than that of superphosphate. It should be applied as a base fertilizer, and acidic soil can also be used as a seed fertilizer or root.
3. Insoluble phosphate fertilizer
Phosphate fertilizers containing only phosphorus in the strong acid are called poorly soluble phosphate fertilizers. Including phosphate rock powder, bird manure phosphate rock powder and bone meal.
C, potash
1. Potassium chloride: It is a chemical neutral and physiological acid fertilizer, which can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing. Generally not suitable for beet, grape, sugar cane, potato, watermelon, tea tree, tobacco, citrus and other chlorine-free crops. If it is necessary to apply, the amount should be controlled or applied early so that chlorine is lost with rain or irrigation water.
2, potassium sulfate: chemical neutral, physiological acid fertilizer, can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, seed fertilizer and root dressing.
3. Grass ash: The form of potassium is mainly potassium carbonate, followed by potassium sulfate, less potassium chloride, and the aqueous solution is alkaline. It should not be mixed with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, decomposed organic fertilizer and water-soluble phosphate fertilizer. Applicable to a variety of crops and soil, can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, cover seed fertilizer and root dressing.
D, compound (mixed) fertilizer
1, the basic concept
Elemental fertilizer: Among the three nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, there is only one generic term for nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer with the indicated amount of nutrients. Such as ammonium bicarbonate, calcium, potassium sulfate and the like.
Compound fertilizer: Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) three kinds of nutrients, at least two kinds of nutrients indicated by chemical methods and (or) blending methods. In short, it refers to chemical fertilizers that contain three elements of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) or only two of them. For example, a compound fertilizer containing any two of the three elements is called a binary compound fertilizer, and a compound containing three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is called a ternary compound fertilizer.
Compound fertilizer: Among the three nutrients of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O), at least two kinds of nutrients indicated by chemical methods are chemically prepared, which is a kind of compound fertilizer. Such as potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the like.
Blended fertilizer: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) three kinds of nutrients, at least two kinds of nutrients indicated by the dry blending method, is a compound fertilizer One. Such as BB fat.
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: a compound fertilizer containing a certain amount of organic matter.
2. Representation of active ingredients and total nutrient content of compound fertilizer
The active ingredient of the compound fertilizer is generally expressed by the corresponding percentage of N-P2O5-K2O (total nitrogen-effective phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide), and N-P2O5-K2O is also called the compounding formula of the compound fertilizer.
For example, if the ternary compound fertilizer containing N10%, P2O5 10%, and K2O 10%, the active ingredient can be expressed as 10-10-10 in sequence, and it can be said that the compounding formula of the compound fertilizer is 10-10-10. .
If a binary compound fertilizer contains N 20%, P2O5 15%, and does not contain potassium, its active ingredient is expressed as 20-15-0.
The total nutrient content of the compound fertilizer refers to the sum of total nitrogen, effective phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide content (mass percentage) in the compound fertilizer. For example, if the compound fertilizer is 10-10-10, the total nutrient content is 30% (10+10+10=30).
3. Quality standards for compound fertilizers
According to the latest national standard GB15063-2001, compound fertilizer (composite fertilizer) should meet the requirements of the following table:
Project indicator
Concentration in high concentration
Total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O)/% ≥40.030.025.0
Water-capacity phosphorus accounts for the percentage of available phosphorus /% ≥705040
Moisture (H2O), ≤2.02.55.0
Particle size (1.00-4.75mm or 3.35-5.60mm), ≥909080
Chloride ion (CI-)/% ≤3.0
- Inorganic fertilizer moisture detector
A, technical parameters
1, weighing range: 0-60g
Debug test space is 3cm
2, moisture measurement range: 0.01-100%
3, sample quality: 0.50-60g
4, heating temperature range: starting -180 ° C
Heating method: variable mixing heating
Fine-tuning automatic compensation temperature up to 15 ° C
5, moisture content readability: 0.01%
6, display parameters: 7 kinds
Red digital tube independent display mode
7. Dimensions: 380×205×325 (mm)
8, power: 220V ± 10%
9, frequency: 50Hz ± 1Hz
10, net weight: 3.7Kg
B, working principle
Using the principle of dry weight loss method, the sample is rapidly heated by the heating system, so that the moisture of the sample can be completely evaporated in the shortest time, so that the moisture content of the sample can be detected in a short time. It usually takes about 3 minutes to test a typical sample. The principle of Guanya Moisture Meter is the same as that of the national standard oven method. The test results are replaceable. The instrument adopts one-button operation, which not only makes the operation simple but also avoids the error caused by human factors on the measurement results.
C, application
It can be applied to the determination of water content of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer. It is one-button operation, fast and accurate, and the test time is very short. Under normal circumstances, the result can be obtained in about 4 minutes.
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