At present, it is the peak period of spring and summer vegetables for rice dumplings. Compared with the summer vegetable swap, seasonal vegetables have a short time for replanting, and there are many adverse environments. Therefore, there are also many problems after the relocation. Due to the large amount of fertilization in successive years of cultivation, the eutrophication of soil in greenhouses is serious, and some vegetable farmers purchase fertilizers and improper fertilization methods, resulting in changes in soil physical properties and adverse effects on vegetable growth.
Avoid the eutrophication of the soil plow bottom must be broken
Due to continuous planting, rotary plows and other machinery were used to turn the floor and a plough base was formed under a plowing layer of about 25 cm. The humus in the bottom layer of the plough significantly reduced, the bulk density was large, the total porosity was small, and the pores of the multi-capillary tubes resulted in poor air permeability, poor water permeability, and difficulty in root rooting. Due to the existence of the plough bottom layer, various types of fertilizers applied are concentrated in about 20 cm of plough layer soil, which makes the plough layer soil eutrophic. Since it is difficult for water to penetrate below the plough base, and the capillary easily guides the groundwater to carry more minerals, it is easy to cause salinization.
Therefore, deep-turning machines, such as ploughs, trenchers, deep-draft machines, etc., can be used with machines that are more than 25 cm deep to change the bottom of the plough, allowing the bottom fertilizer to be more evenly distributed. The permeability of the soil is good, which facilitates the deep rooting of the roots. It also avoids intensive fertilization that makes the surface of the soil eutrophic. When watering, it can carry more nutrients into the deep soil. On the one hand, it guides the downward growth of the root system, and on the other hand, improves the soil. Permeability.
Abandon the concept of high potassium and high yield, do not rely too much on potassium fertilizer
According to the soil testing situation in recent years, the potassium content in the soil has gradually increased, and the potassium content of some greenhouse soils has been seriously exceeded, which is very unfavorable to the growth of vegetables. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use potassium again for soils that have been found to have excessive potassium levels after detection.
Although potassium is good for vegetables, it does not mean that the more potassium, the faster the fruit expansion, the higher the yield, but will also seriously reduce production. Excessive potassium fertilizer seriously affects the movement and absorption of trace elements in soil, such as calcium and magnesium ions. In most areas, the type of soil is mainly calcareous. This type of soil is rich in calcium and magnesium ions, so there is no lack of calcium and magnesium ions in the soil. However, vegetables often appear to be deficient in calcium, magnesium, and rotten heads, yellow heads, and umbilicus. Corruption and so on. This shows that excess potassium in the soil has a greater impact on calcium and magnesium. It is recommended that if the soil is detected by the vegetable farmer, if excessive potassium is present, do not use a large amount of potassium, but consider how to remove excess potassium from the soil. Or activate it for root absorption and utilization.
Preventing gas hazards in sheds
The soil conditioning agent is mainly based on steel slag phosphate fertilizer, which is a kind of alkaline fertilizer. It has good effect of improving the acidified soil, and can also add calcium and magnesium and other elements. So, is it possible to use soil conditioners for all greenhouse soils?
the answer is negative. According to statistics, the pH of suitable soil for the growth of vegetables is usually 6 to 7.5. If the pH is less than 6, it is necessary to use alkaline fertilizers to adjust. Most areas are slightly alkaline calcareous soils, and soil acidification does not generally occur when growing vegetables. If you continue to use alkaline fertilizers such as steel slag and phosphate fertilizer, it will inevitably lead to alkalinization of the soil. In the alkaline soil, if nitrogen fertilizer is used excessively, a large amount of ammonia easily occurs, resulting in gas damage.
Prevent causticity of vegetable root ditch (hole) and manure
When the vegetables are changed, the best base fertilizer application method is to use the entire shed and deep-turning, but currently many vegetable farmers still have the fertilization methods such as ditch application and hole application. Groove Shi, acupuncture points have nutrient concentration, long supply time and other benefits, but the fertilization method should pay attention.
First, apply the fertilizer location. The furrows and points of fertilization should maintain a certain distance from the root system. Do not use the fertilizer directly under the root system, although the concentration of nutrients is not conducive to the root system. Secondly, the fertilizers used for furrow application and hole application should be selected well. Manure must be completely decomposed, to avoid the roots in the soil fermented decomposed and burned; commodity organic fertilizer to select a good quality brand, so as not to burn the plants.
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