First, the disease
1, common disease identification
(1) Stumble. Commonly known as "small feet", it only occurs in the seedling stage. Initially, a water-soaked lesion appeared at the base of the seedling stem, and then it gradually turned yellow, and the diseased part collapsed into a line. After the onset of a small number of seedlings, the pathogen spreads around and spreads, causing the fallen seedlings to fall down. When the humidity of the seedbed is high, white moulds are easily generated in the diseased area and soil, and the diseased parts of the diseased seedlings are often soiled.
(2) Blight. Also known as dead seedling disease, seedlings in the late heavy disease. An oval-shaped dark brown spot develops on the stem base of the affected seedlings. Early diseased seedlings are wilted during the day and can be recovered at night. In severe cases, the lesions gradually sag, causing the seedlings to die but not lodging. The diseased part has a concentric ring pattern and does not grow white cotton floc. This is the main feature that distinguishes it from damping-off.
(3) Roots. Symptoms of the young stems after emergence of new roots, pale yellow leaves, wilt leaves, leaf margin charred, root rust rot, the whole plant easy to pull up.
(4) Late blight. Seedlings in the cotyledon of the seedlings appear dark green lesions with water immersion, and there are obvious moldy layers on the edges. The lesions spread rapidly and spread to the main stems. The stems become fine and dark brown, causing wilting or folding of whole plants. When the humidity is high, The diseased surface produces sparse white mold.
2. Integrated disease prevention and treatment
(1) Reasonably set the seedbed. The seedbed should be built on a high-lying, ventilated and sunny place. Bed soil should be selected before the last planting of soybean field Daejeon type soil, preferably the former for the onion garlic category, such as the use of old bed soil, bed soil should be disinfected, before sowing should be fully sunbed soil, organic fertilizer to be fully Decomposed.
(2) Strengthen seedbed management. Fruit and vegetable seedbeds should be insulated to prevent cold wind or low temperature invasion. The daytime bed temperature should not be lower than 20°C. In case of low temperature in cloudy days, it is possible to loosen the soil to reduce the temperature and promote the growth of the root system. The diseased plants were found to be cleared immediately and sprinkled with fine dry soil or ash.
(3) bed soil treatment. Nursery with old seedbeds, bed soil should be disinfected. 15 days before sowing, the bed soil will be loosened. The per square meter bed will be filled with formalin 120ml to 3-9kg water (depending on the moisture level of the seedbed), after pouring, it shall be covered with a mulching membrane for 4-5 days and then uncovered. After 10 days, the liquid should be fully used for sowing; 50% carbendazim wettable powder 10g or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 10g per square meter seedbed can also be added, and 1kg of fine dry soil can be mixed well. Cover (1/3 for bedding, 2/3 for cover soil); can also be used with 70% of the enemy seedlings per square meter of the original powder 10g mixed with fine dry soil 1kg ditch or after sowing.
(4) Pre-seeding seed treatment. Seed soaking in warm water of 50°C-55°C for 10-15 minutes, or soaking in 0.3% potassium permanganate for 20-30 minutes. You can also use 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 65% mancozeb WP, The dose is 0.3% of the seed quality.
(5) Chemical control. Seek diseased plants on the seedbed and remove them immediately after spraying to prevent spread. Blemishes can be treated with 50% metalaxyl MnZn WP 500 times or 72.2% Preclox 600x, and damp blight 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times or 5% Jinggangmycin agent 1500 times liquid prevention, the two diseases can be used when mixing 50% DM WP 800 times plus 80% WP WP 600 times liquid control. Spray once every 7-10 days, depending on the condition can prevent 2-3 times. If the humidity is too high, it can also be used 20% mycobacterial enemy wettable powder 30g mixed with fine dry soil 4-5kg, or with 50% more bleeding powder can be added 10g plus 70% thiophanate methyl 10g mixed dry soil 3-4kg , choose the sunny day at noon spread evenly on the seedbed, the effect is ideal. Late blight can be controlled with 58% Leidavier WP 500 times and 72% DuPont Glue 600 times. Spray once every 7-10 days, depending on the condition can prevent 2-3 times.
Second, pests
1, 蛴螬
(1) Injurious features: The larvae eats and kills the roots of various vegetables, which can cause the seedlings of the vegetables to die, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges.
(2) Control methods: 1 bed soil treatment. Before sowing, add 10% diazinon granules or 5% phoxim granules 80-100g per cubic meter of bed soil and mix well. 2 liquid irrigation. Use 50% phoxim 1000 times solution, or 9% lingering 3000 times solution, or 25% carbaryl 1000 times to root.
2, oil gourd
(1) Damage characteristics: adults and nymphs eat leaves, young larvae and tender larvae. (2) Control methods: 1 Insect net isolation. Insect nets are placed on seed beds to prevent migration hazards. 2 poison bait trapping. Use 90% trichlorfon crystals to dissolve 30 times liquid (50 grams of medicine to 1.5 liters of 60°C-70°C hot water) and stir in 30-50 kilograms of sauteed wheat bran or bean cake per liter of liquid. Handcuffs out of the water and spread it to the field. 3 light traps adult.
3, goldworm
(1) Damage characteristics: The larvae feed on the soil, sprouted buds, and the roots of the vegetable seedlings, causing the crops to wither and die, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges. (2) Prevention and control methods: the same.
4, tigers
(1) Injury characteristics: The larvae snap the stems of the vegetable seedlings near the ground, causing the whole plant to die, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges. (2) Control methods: 1 Agricultural control. Remove the weeds around the vegetable fields, and the organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed. 2 trapping adult worms. Use black light or sweet and sour liquid to seduce the adult. 3 bed soil treatment. Add 10% diazinon granules or 5% phoxim granules 80-100 g per cubic meter of bed soil before sowing and mix well. 4 spray or irrigate the liquid. Use 50% phoxim 1000 times solution, or 3000 times solution of chrysanthemum cream, or 25% carbaryl 1000 times solution to spray or root.
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