In recent years, black rice disease has occurred in different degrees in summer, and the average rate of diseased plots has reached 60%, and many of them have reached 90%. Looking at the "Mu-Mu" (commonly known as black powder disease) in the land, many farmers want to cry without tears.
First, the cause of corn smut
1. The reasons for the variety itself. More than 90% of the corns with black powder disease in our city are Yuyu 22 and 25, followed by Liaoyu No. 18, while other varieties grown locally are safe and sound. It can be seen that there is a big difference in the susceptibility and disease resistance between the varieties.
2. Impact of climatic factors. The number of rains and rainfall is high, and there are many rainy days. The climatic conditions of high temperature and high humidity have contributed to the occurrence and development of corn smut.
3. The planting density is too large. In recent years, with the promotion of corn mechanical seeding technology and the existence of some farmers' thoughts on seedlings, the density of corn planting has been increasing, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the shape is not strong, so it is easy to get sick. For example, Yuyu 22 corn, summer broadcast requires 3,500 plants per 667 square meters, and some people have planted 4,500 or even more.
4. Fertilization habits are unreasonable. Individual farmers have taken measures to save trouble, adopting “one shelling†fertilization method, and applying nitrogen fertilizer to them, resulting in plant growth and tenderness and poor disease resistance.
Second, prevention and treatment technology
1. Choose resistant varieties. In areas with high incidence of corn smut, try to use high-yield and disease-resistant varieties that adapt to local climatic conditions and cultivation habits, such as Jinhai 5, Nongda 108, Zhengdan 958, Ludan series, Denghai series of disease-resistant varieties, and eliminate them from provenance. The disease has occurred.
2. Eliminate the source of the disease. Straws, weeds, etc. in corn fields where black powder disease has occurred should be thoroughly removed and buried or burned. It is forbidden to feed livestock with diseased plants, so as to prevent the bacteria from returning to the fields and harming corn production again.
3. Implement pesticide dressing. Before sowing, the mixture should be mixed with 0.07% of the weight of the seed of the powdery rust; or 2.5% of the carbendazim WP can be used in the range of 0.3% to 0.7% of the seed weight; 50% methyl group can also be used. The Bujin WP can be seeded at a dosage of 0.5% to 0.7% by weight of the seed.
4. Reasonable close planting, scientific fertilization. It is necessary to strictly arrange the planting density in strict accordance with the variety description, and it is not possible to seek more greed. At the same time, it is necessary to control the nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of potassium fertilizer, and conditionally measure the soil fertilization and cultivate the strong seedlings of corn to enhance disease resistance.
5. Strengthen field management. It is necessary to observe the susceptible diseases and susceptible plots in a timely manner, especially in the three- and four-leaf stages of maize, in time for strains with short, dense, coarse, fine, curved plants and dark green leaves. Pull out to prevent spread. If conditions permit, it is also possible to carry out a rotation.
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