The market time of wheat bran tomato is from August to September. This period is the low season of vegetables. The sales price of tomato market is close to that of cultivated land. Therefore, the investment of wheat and tomato is small, the benefit is high, and the market potential is large. It is a good way for farmers to increase their incomes. Because the growth of this tomato is in the season of strong light, high temperature and insect pests, the cultivation and management are carried out by conventional methods. The incidence of virus disease in general years is 70%-100%, which seriously affects tomato production. The key management techniques are summarized below.
1, variety selection
Choose high-quality mid-late and late-maturing varieties that are anti-virus, heat-resistant, crack-resistant, storage-resistant, and high-yielding, such as Zhongza No. 9, Jincang No. 1, Luofan No. 1, No. 2, No. 8, and the Queen of the Powder.
2, cultivate strong seedlings
Cultivating strong seedlings is the key to the production of wheat bran. The experiment shows that the Luoyang area is the best time for wheat seedlings in the late April of each year. Before sowing, the seeds to be sown are placed in 55 °C warm water for 10 min, and then placed in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 min. After rinsing out, rinse with clean water and mix with Greenheng No.1. The nursery site uses a well-irrigated plot, and the nutrient soil is mixed with the high-quality ring fertilizer and the grain-soilable soil at a ratio of 3:7. After the nutrient bowl is watered, the seed is broadcasted in the pot, and the cover soil is 0.5 to 1 cm thick. The nursery is inserted into the arched bamboo piece and made into a small arch shed. The rainy day is covered with plastic film to protect it from rain. During the nursery period, water is generally not watered, and the soil is covered with soil, and after the seedlings and 2 leaves and 1 heart, each soil is covered once, and the thickness is 0.5 cm. When the seedling grows to 1 or 2 true leaves, spray 100mg/L of the ketamine solution once, 2 leaves and 1 heart time seedling, 3 leaves and 1 heart when the seedlings are fixed, 1 seedling per stalk, 4 to 6 true leaves. Pay attention to the control of seedlings, stop watering and topdressing 7 to 10 days before planting, spray the mixture of pests and diseases one to two days before planting, and remove the weeds on the seedbed.
3, timely planting, appropriate thinning
It is best to choose wheat stalks with good ventilation, convenient drainage and thick soil. After harvesting wheat, it is necessary to prepare the land in time. 667 square meters of fermented decomposed chicken manure 5000-7000kg, superphosphate 50-80kg, urea and potassium sulfate 20~30kg, deep ploughing, then ridge, general ridge width 1.2m, ridge The back width is 0.8m, the groove width is 0.4m, the ridge height is 20~25cm, and the ridge surface is in the shape of a "bow". It is made into a high ridge and covers the mulch. High mulch film coverage is beneficial to water retention and fertilizer protection, as well as drainage in the rainy season, disease prevention and anti-aging.
Colonization is best carried out on a windless cloudy day, and sunny days should be carried out after 3:00 pm. It is necessary to choose strong stems, tight internodes, thick leaves, thick green leaves, developed roots, no pests and diseases, no damage, 6-7 pieces of true leaves, 18~20cm of seedlings, and planting. After the strong seedlings are planted, the root water will be planted with the roots to prevent the leaves from drying out and even dying.
The planting density should not be too large. The seedlings per 667 square meters should not exceed 3,000. If the density is too large, the ventilation and light transmission will be poor, and the field will be closed. The high temperature and rainy season is prone to various diseases and premature senescence of plants.
4. Management after planting
After flowering, ensure that 3 to 4 fruits per ear are ensured by timely scenting or spraying (preferably spraying once every 3 days) and sparse flowers and fruit.
On the basis of proper thinning, elevated and reasonable fertilizer management, the wheat stalk is also very important. The whole branch adopts single-stalk pruning, the axillary buds of the lower node and the axillary buds under the flowering ear should be removed early. For the varieties with small seedlings and strong growth, three axillary buds should be left to regulate the growth, and the third ear is flowering, and the result is no longer When the plant grows too prosperous, the plant growth can be inhibited by moderate leaf thinning; after the fruit begins to harvest, the leaves and leaves under the harvested ear are removed in time to make it well ventilated to prevent it from being ventilated. The occurrence of pests and diseases; timely topping and topping, leaving 2 leaves on the top of the flower to pick the heart; pay attention to pruning and picking leaves should be carried out on sunny days.
Fertilizer management, the first ear of fruit after sitting, timely pouring fruit water, with the application of urea 10 ~ 15kg / 667 square meters with water; medium ear fruit expansion period, in order to prevent premature aging can be combined with watering, per 667 square meters 25kg of diammonium phosphate and 15kg of potassium sulfate; after the establishment of the autumn, in order to ensure the later production, generally 667 square meters of urea 10kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg, potassium sulfate 10kg. In order to promote the normal development of the fruit, after entering the flowering result period, in the normal top dressing, combined with the fight, the leaves are sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2% urea or green Fenwei No. 1 600 times solution every 7-10 days. And other amino acid fertilizers, spray 2 to 3 times.
5, prevention and control of pests and diseases
The most serious and most serious damage to wheat tomatoes is viral disease. In the production, in addition to the selection of disease-resistant varieties, seeds and tools for disinfection, it is necessary to prevent cockroaches and cockroaches in a timely manner. For virus diseases, "NS-83" reinforced agent 100 times solution can be used in seedling stage or after planting, or 20 times of raw bean juice sprayed to prevent, after the onset, the diseased plants were removed, buried or burned in time, and sprayed with virus A, plant disease, virus Bick and other disease prevention and control.
To prevent and control early blight and late blight, spray 70% mancozeb and 75% chlorothalonil 600 times or 80% big 600-800 times, spray once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 3~4 Times.
Bacterial wilt can be treated with agricultural streptomycin sulfate or neophytamycin for root irrigation, once every 7 to 10 days, and even for 2 to 3 times.
Umbilical rot and tendon rot are physiological diseases. It is necessary to pay attention to reasonable close planting, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and balance the water supply.
The main pests are cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, aphid, and Liriomyza sativae. Helicoverpa armigera and tobacco budworm can be comprehensively controlled by various measures. They are trapped by poplar branches and trapped by black light. The production combines pruning, topping and snoring to remove eggs, so as to reduce the density of insects. When the larvae have not yet broken into the flesh, Available with trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid, 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable oil 5000 times liquid, 5% Fuling EC 2000 times liquid, 20% pyrethroid 2000 times liquid or Bt biological agent 200 times liquid spray control; The fly can be controlled by 40% green vegetable emulsifiable oil 1000-1500 times liquid or 10% imidacloprid powder; the mites can use 20% chrysanthemum emulsifiable oil 2000 times liquid, 50% anti-weiwei wet powder 3000-5000 times liquid, and 25% can also be used. Chrysanthemum 1500 times solution or 10% imidacloprid powder 10g/667 square meters with water 60kg spray.
6, timely harvest
The tomato fruit of the wheat amaranth is in a mature stage, and it is in the rainy season. The timely harvesting can reduce the loss caused by the rain and cracking. When pulling in the late stage, the white cabbage can be ripened at 10~15 °C.
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