Juglans mandshurica Maxim. is a deciduous tree. Material is hard and dense, texture straight and beautiful. The kernels contain oil and are rich in nutrition. Hi light, which grows faster, is one of the medicinal plants of northeast woody, and it is also an oil plant with promising future.
1 seed characteristics
Seeds mature in mid-September. After the fruit matures, it will naturally fall on the ground or be manually hit with trees. After the fruit is harvested, it is kept in the water for a few days, and then the wooden pulp is used to remove the flesh. After washing with water, pure seeds can be obtained, and the seedling rate is about 50%. Seeds ovate, apex pointed, 4 ~ 5cm long, with 8 longitudinal edges, with irregular corrugated middle. More than 95% of the degree of purity, seed 82 ~ 92 / kg, goodness of 70% to 90%, no endosperm. Hard shell, not easy to water, affecting germination. Autumn sowing effect is good. Seeds need to be germinated before spring sowing.
It can be harvested in the same year, or in the autumn of the year, or in the spring of the following year. Seeds cannot be stored for a long time.
2 seed processing
Seeds for spring or spring sowing must be netted. Method: soaking in water with natural temperature for 5 to 10 days (change the water every 2 days), the water is higher than the seed 50cm, remove the seeds floating on the water and throw it away.
The sinking seeds were removed and disinfected with a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and they were stuffed and stuffy for 3 to 5 hours after the autumn sowing.
In spring sowing, ground sand accumulation can be used to accumulate germination. Seed net species, water immersion, disinfection, according to the volume, 1 seed, 2 river sand mixed, the humidity of the sand is 60% of its saturated moisture content, into the room or cellar, first at 15 ~ 20 °C temperature The treatment was carried out for 2 months and then transferred to a low temperature of 2 to 5°C for 2 to 3 months. 2 to 3 days before spring sowing, the seeds and seeds are separated, the seeds are placed in the sun, and watered in a timely manner to keep the seeds moist. They are piled up at night and covered with straws, until the seed cracking rate is about 50% of the fine seeds. When sowing. According to experiments, seeds that have germinated but not cracked, the percentage of seed cracks can increase by 12% to 16% after drying for 4 hours. The seedling time can be improved by about half a month and the emergence rate can be increased by 31% compared with the seed without cracking.
3 Seeding
Ridge or bed type nursery. The forest area is generally used bed seeding seedlings. Do bed carefully. The old nursery compost 5000 to 10,000 kg per acre, and the new plant nursery can not be fertilized. Autumn sowing should be carried out in early October and spring sowing in early May. Check the seed rip rate before sowing. The formula for calculating the seeding rate is: seeding rate = [1000-grain weight (g) designed seedlings (plants per square meter) 10] (degree of clarity) loss factor
Loss factor is 2 to 3. Use a seeding board or a transplanting shovel to drill on demand. Covering soil thickness: 4cm for spring sowing and 4-6cm for autumn sowing. Autumn sowing should be suppressed once in late April in order to increase the emergence rate. Autumn sowing generally begins in early June and emerges in mid-June. Spring sowing usually begins 25 to 30 days after sowing, and it will begin in 50 days. Seed emergence rate of 50% to 70%, keep the seedling rate of 80%.
4 Timely tending
After weeding, weeding and ripping were performed 3 to 5 times and the depth of loose soil was 2 to 3 cm. Seedlings susceptible to leaf spot disease, can be sprayed 1% of Bordeaux solution once every half a month to prevent disease. In addition to time seedlings, the number of remaining seedlings was 150/m2. At the beginning of August, it was found that when the seedlings were greedy and green, they had to plant 20g/m2 of plant ash (which could be mixed with some wet soil) to promote the lignification of seedlings and improve the quality of seedlings.
5 Lifting and Management
In the middle and early October, the seedlings are raised. After the seedlings are selected, they will be overwintered at the seedlings planted in the plantation field according to the seedling grade. It is also possible to leave the bed in winter, without raising seedlings, raising seedlings and planting trees in the spring. The seedling height was ≥ 20cm, the ground diameter was ≥ 0.5cm, the qualified rate of seedlings was over 90%, and the qualified nursery stock utilization rate was above 95%.
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