Severe changes in winter temperatures have a greater impact on live pig production. Piglet survival rates and growth rates will decline in varying degrees. In order to minimize the losses caused by cold weather to pig production, the majority of pig farmers should actively work on the antifreeze and warmth protection of pig houses. The following technical measures can be taken:
1. Do a good job in keeping the pigs warm and cold
In response to the current cold weather, pig farms must first ensure that the doors and windows of pig houses are intact, timely repair windows and doors, fill in the holes and seams for air leakage, and prevent thieves from invading; ensure normal facilities such as power supply, water supply and heat preservation, and focus on the delivery room. Conservation of the piglet's insulation, creating a warm and comfortable pighouse microclimate. A temporary two-story shed (generally two meters high) can be constructed with plastic film, rain-proof cloth, wood and other materials in the upper part of the pig bed, and the piglets can be warmed by using infrared heat lamps, insulation boards, and heater stoves.
Most pig farm finishing pig houses and gestation houses are not equipped with thermal insulation facilities. For brick and concrete structure pig houses, the emphasis is on strengthening the insulation of the northern windows, and adding a double insulation film outside the closed window (the inner layer is breathable and hygroscopic. Cotton cloth, the outer layer of plastic film is better), this method can increase the temperature within the room about 5 °C. For some loose-leaf semi-open single-row pig houses, the north window can be closed with brick mud. The two ends of the hallway are covered with thick cotton quilts outside the door, covered with plastic film on the south, and covered with a thick layer of grass rakes.
Rural scattered farming can be appropriately increased pigs mat grass, under normal circumstances 20cm ~ 30cm thick mat grass obtained insulation effect is equivalent to the increase in temperature within 5 °C ~ 8 °C. However, care must be taken to keep the bedding dry and replace it if it is wet. The higher the humidity in the pig house, the more chilly pigs are and the more susceptible to disease. In order to prevent moisture, it is important to ensure that the roof of the barn is not leaky, and that the pigs only defecate urine at a certain point, to ensure that the pig's bed is clean and dry, the manure is removed daily, and the sewage is discharged in time.
2. Strengthen feeding management
The first is to properly increase the nutritional intake of pigs. There are two ways to increase the nutritional intake of pigs: adjust the feed formulation to moderately increase the energy level of the feed, such as adding 10% to 15% of the corn or adding 2% to 3% of the vegetable oil to the feed, and adding the antibiotics in appropriate amounts Complex vitamins, amino acids, and complex enzyme preparations that have stress and antioxidant capacity; appropriately increase the number of feedings; in the winter, the pupa is short and long nights; the pigs have a long fasting time in the evening; they are fed one more time at night to increase the daily intake. the amount.
Second, the cold feed has a greater impact on the pigs during the winter season. Feed as much as possible with dry powder, or use warm water and hot spices. If possible, provide clean and warm water for pigs to drink freely.
The third is to do a good job of keeping warm and cold, while paying attention to ventilation, prevent ammonia poisoning and respiratory diseases. In good weather without strong wind and sunshine, the window on the south can also be opened slightly from 12 noon to 14 pm to facilitate ventilation.
The fourth is to strengthen management, in particular to strengthen the management of suckling piglets, so that piglets can eat colostrum in time, feed the piglets in advance, and promote the growth and development of piglets. Feeding management is strengthened, and the pig's physique, cold resistance, and disease resistance will be correspondingly enhanced.
The fifth is to appropriately increase the stocking density. The number of breeding heads in the house can be increased by about 30% to 40% compared with the summer season. The use of body temperature heating between pigs can increase the temperature. The hordes should be carried out when it is dark. They should be sprayed with the wine or odor at a low concentration. The larvae should then be bred. The keeper must observe the herds and prevent the pigs from fighting.
3. Strengthen disease prevention and control
Low-temperature and high-humidity environment can easily cause porcine respiratory diseases (including mycoplasma pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, etc.), gastrointestinal diseases (including colibacillosis, epidemic diarrhea, infectious gastroenteritis, etc.) and various skin diseases (including mycosis, Sputum, staphylococcal disease, streptococcal disease, etc.) The control of respiratory disease syndrome in winter should begin with many aspects, such as eliminating the source of disease, improving the environment on the farm, and strengthening the management of feeding. Gastrointestinal diseases use symptomatic treatment such as rehydration, diarrhea prevention, prevention of dehydration and acidosis, and can also use medicinal charcoal to prevent diarrhea and assist treatment. In addition, antibiotic drugs can be used appropriately to prevent secondary infections. The focus of dermatology is to strengthen the disinfection of pigs inside and outside the pigs' body surface, and to do regular deworming and related vaccine injections.
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