Frost damage performance and antifreeze measures of rapeseed

First, the performance of frost damage

The low-temperature freeze injury of rape mainly occurs during the overwintering period, but it also occurs during the cold wave in early spring. When the temperature dropped to -3 ~ 5 °C, rape will suffer freezing injury, -7 ~ -8 °C damage is heavier. Winter strong varieties can resist temperatures below -10°C. Low temperature and strong winds in winter will increase the damage to rapeseed. Convulsions and flowering periods are sensitive to low temperatures.

Frozen damage to rape can be seen in the ground and in the ground. Frozen damage to the ground includes leaves, stems, buds, and young fruit. Leaves are scald at the beginning of freezing, and continuous low temperature will lead to moisture in the intercellular space and freeze the leaf tissue. If the temperature is not too low during the early spring cold wave, the growth of the lower epidermis of the leaf is obstructed, while the rest continues to grow, resulting in the leaves Uneven shrinkage phenomenon. Rapeseed buds are twitched, and the cold resistance is the weakest. As long as the temperature is below 0°C, freezing injury will occur. The pupa was sweltering at the beginning of freezing, drooping in tender pods, and the surface of stems was broken, which is a major indicator of whether the varieties are tolerant to cold. When the cold injury is severe, even if it can bloom, the fruit will be poorly solidified, especially when the main inflorescence appears segmented knots. Frozen damage to the ground, the phenomenon of rooting at the seedling stage. Rooting refers to weak or low-rooted rape seedlings that experience low temperatures of -5° to -7°C during the night. The soil swells and the roots of the seedlings are lifted. The daytime temperature rises, and the dissolved volume of the frozen soil subsides and the roots of the seedlings decrease. The phenomenon of exposure was broken (as if it were pulled up by people). If the seedlings that have emerged from the roots are exposed to cold weather, they will die in large numbers. The rooting phenomenon of live plots is the most prominent.

Second, antifreeze measures

In production, comprehensive antifreeze measures should be taken for different reasons of frost damage. The first is to select varieties with strong cold resistance; secondly, the sowing date should be reasonably arranged according to the characteristics of the varieties. Early sowing and early planting of varieties with strong winter can increase dry matter accumulation, realize early growth of strong seedlings, and improve antifreeze ability. At the same time can also take the following technical measures to prevent freezing damage: 1 Miao Miao early application, re-applied wax fertilizer, cultivation seedlings antifreeze. 2 Earthworm roots prevent freezing damage. 3 irrigation humidification antifreeze. 4 spraying regulator. For rapeseed fields that are planted early, grow vigorously, and have a tendency to grow longer, spraying paclobutrazol and uniconazole before wintering can prevent or reduce freezing damage. 5 Remove early frost and early morning frost.

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