core
The amount of peanuts used is large. If the seeds used are purchased from the market and the cost is too high, many farmers will use self-retained species when growing peanuts. Peanuts are leguminous crops, self-pollination, and their genetic traits are relatively stable. Although they can be planted year after year, they will be degraded by successive years of self-use and lead to reduced yields.
Selection of summer peanuts
Practice has proved that the quality of summer peanuts is good. Because the summer peanut grows in an autumn environment, it has fewer pests and diseases than spring peanuts. It has a high seed setting rate, less ripe fruit, low oil content, and has fine weather, moderate temperature, less rain, convenient drying, and germination rate. high. In addition, its storage time is short and the probability of illness is small.
Scientific selection
Choose the single plant without pest damage, robust plant growth, multiple branches, moderate height, fruit multi-saturation, multiple fruit, uniform size. The peanuts of the selected good plants will be individually dried after being harvested, stored separately, and planted separately in the second year. In the second year of harvesting, the seed selection work of the previous year was repeated, so after 2-3 years of continuous seed selection, the already degraded varieties could play a role of purification and rejuvenation; for newly introduced new varieties, it would prevent them from being planted. Sexual degradation.
Note that late-maturing plants should not be planted, and plants that are prematurely debilitated should not be planted, and diseased plants should not be kept. For example, if the seedlings suffering from root-knot nematode disease, leaf spot disease, and rust disease are used as seed, it will not only spread the disease, but also cause the emergence of weaker seedlings.
Timely harvest
Early harvesting of peanuts, lack of full pods, multiple pods, low seeding rate, late harvesting, fruit rot and mildew, full fruit flaking, easy grain loss at harvest, laborious harvests, increased rotting grains, and yield and quality decline. Especially early maturing varieties, due to short dormancy period, when the soil moisture and temperature are suitable, it will also cause a large number of germination losses. Especially for the kind of peanut, it should be harvested in time. Under normal conditions, the plants showed a state of aging, ie, the top stopped growing, the upper leaves became yellow, the base and middle leaves fell off, the stems became yellow and irregular dark spots appeared, most of the pods had obvious reticulations. The inner sponge layer shrinks and has a dark brown luster. The seeds are full, and the peels and seed coats are basically intrinsically colored. At this time, most of the pods are full and it is the best time for peanut harvest.
Safe storage
The newly harvested peanuts generally have a moisture content of 45%-50%. To ensure safe storage and ensure the quality of peanut seeds, the peanut plants bearing the capsule should be planted in the field for 2-3 days after harvest to promote post-harvest and dryness. , And then pick fruit, flat dry. When the pods are sunned and their mouths are brittle, their hands are squeaky, and the husks of the husks are easy to fall off, the water content is generally below 10%, and they can be stored in storage.
Peanuts are not suitable for planting after they have been harvested.
Peanut seeds contain a large amount of hydrophilic substances such as proteins and carbohydrates. During storage, they can easily absorb the moisture in the air, increase the respiration, consume nutrients, and release a lot of heat, causing the temperature of seed piles to rise and the seeds to be heated. Mildew and deterioration. Therefore, peanut seeds must be kept dry and ventilated during storage, and the moisture content of seeds should be found to exceed the safety limit or the temperature of seed piles should rise.
Seed screening
Before shelling, the peanuts were compared with their standard fruit shape from the aspects of reticulation, capsule size, inner seed coat color, and bending degree of the capsule, and the degree of the tip of the fruit tip, removing the diseased fruits (fungus), capsules, and ruptured shells. Fruits, single pome fruits, and fruits with large differences will be filled with white and disease-free fruits. Choose sunny noon and continue to dry in the mud for 3-4 days. Do not crush the peel during drying. About 10 days before planting, the shell was peeled. The earlier the shelling time, the higher the probability of infecting the pathogens and the worse the activity of various enzyme enzymes, the lower the germination rate and germination potential. After shelling, the seeds should be selected again, and the seeds should be classified according to the size and size of the seeds. The diseased grains, residual grains, and deformed grains should be removed and seeded with the first-grade seeds.
In a hydroponic system, plants are placed in nutrient-enriched water. Mediums such as gravels, sand or vermiculite can also be used. Thus plants which are placed in the water absorb the nutrients very easly. When the nutrients from the water starts finishing , water is recycled or additional nutrients are added.
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