Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial herb medicinal plant, which has the effect of activating blood circulation, discharging pus muscles, specializing meridians, producing new blood, and removing bad blood.
First, characteristics
The plant height of Salvia miltiorrhiza is 30-80 cm, and the whole plant is densely yellow-white pilose and glandular hairy. Stems quadrangular, leaves opposite, usually odd-pinnate. Round umbellules consist of terminal or axillary racemes, with purple-blue flowers. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1.1 cm. Nutlets, oval, black. Root meat, cylindrical, vermillion red.
Salvia miltiorrhiza likes to grow in a mild climate, abundant light, and humid air. The annual average temperature is 17.1°C and the average relative humidity is 77%. It grows well in fertile sandy loam and has wide adaptability to soil pH. Neutral, slightly acidic, and slightly alkaline can all grow.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Soil preparation and fertilization. Artificially cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza should be selected as a bed with deep soil, good drainage, loose and fertile, sunny loam, sandy loam soil or humus loam soil, and 2000 kg of farmland manure. The use of large ridge bed technology, bed width 130-140 cm, length as required, bed height 10-12 cm, bed spacing 30 cm.
2. Breeding technology. There are mainly seed propagation, root propagation, cutting propagation, and breeding of broodstock. (1) Live broadcast. Seed sowing in early May, drill or sowing. Holes are sown 30-40 cm apart, with a spacing of 20-30 cm, with a sowing amount of 5-10 capsules and a cover 2-3 cm. In case of drought, sowing water and then sowing before sowing, about half a month can emerge, seedling height 7 cm time seedlings. (2) transplanting seedlings. Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds mature from June to July and can be sown after harvesting. On a well-prepared cockroach, divide the groove by 25-30 centimeters in row spacing, depth 1-2 centimeters, spread the seeds evenly into the ditch, and cover the soil to cover the seeds. After sowing, cover the grass and moisten. With the amount of 0.5 kg per mu, about 15 days can emerge. Seedling height 6-10 cm seedlings, generally about 11 months can be transplanted and planted in Daejeon. In the middle and late March of the third month, seedlings are planted with seeds spaced 30-40 cm apart. Seeds are small and the cover soil should be shallow, so that it is not appropriate to see seeds. After sowing, the film was covered with water, and after half a month, the seedlings could be planted in Daejeon. The height of the seedlings was 6-10 cm and the seedlings could be planted in Daejeon in May-June. (3) Reproduction by roots. The planting time is usually in late May of that year, and it can also be planted before the beginning of winter in the middle or late October of the previous year. The winter planting is higher than the spring planting rate, and is dug with the planting. One-year-old, healthy and disease-free fresh roots were selected as the lateral roots, and the roots were 1-1.5 cm thick. The old roots and fine roots could not be planted. Row spacing 30 cm, spacing 25 cm, ditch depth 7 cm. Cut the selected root strips into 5-7 cm segments. Generally, take the roots of the upper part of the roots that are strong in germination ability and the new root strips, and cut them while planting them, with the big head facing upwards. Each hole is planted in 1-2 sections, cover soil 1.5-2 cm, compacted. Mu should be rooted 50-60 kg, 60 days after planting. In order to promote the emergence of Salvia miltiorrhiza in advance and extend the growth period, root exudation can be used to dig deep trenches of 25-27 cm from the end of November to the beginning of December, and the cut roots are laid into troughs, about 6 cm thick, covered. Earth 6 cm, then put 6 cm thick root segment, then cover 10-12 cm soil, slightly higher than the ground, can prevent water, watering during drought, and often check to prevent mildew. From the end of March to the beginning of April in the second year, white shoots grow on the upper part of the roots and can be planted in Daejeon. The method is quick, uniform, no twitching, no flowering, leaves with hypertrophy, full root growth, and high yield.
3. Field management. (1) Weeding and weeding. Planting with root-dividing methods often results in excessive seedlings that impede seedling emergence. Therefore, when seedlings are excavated, seedlings must be checked. If it is found that the cover soil is too thick or the topsoil is knotted, the soil should be dug to facilitate seedling emergence. There are three times of cultivating and weeding within the growing period of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The first time the height of the seedling is 10-15 cm, the cultivator should be shallow to avoid injury. The second time in June, the third time in July-August, the cultivator was stopped after ridge closure. Nursery should be weeded to avoid injury. (2) Dressing. When transplanted with Salvia miltiorrhiza, the nitrogen fertilizer used as base fertilizer should not be too much, otherwise it will affect survival or burn seedlings. Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in the middle period to facilitate the growth of stems and leaves. The first weeding is combined with topdressing, and it is usually carried out on rainy days. Nitrogen fertilizers are generally used. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as fertilizer cakes, superphosphate, and potassium nitrate, are added later. The last time they are applied again to promote root growth. For the first and second time, 1000-2000 kg of composted manure, 10-15 kg of superphosphate or 50 kg of fertilizer cake can be applied per acre. For the third fertilization, two months before harvest, we re-applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 50-75 kilograms of fertilized cake, and 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate. After the two stacks matured, they were dug and applied to cover the soil. In the vigorous growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza, appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer should be applied. (3) Irrigation and drainage. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a fleshy root that is afraid of standing water. It is necessary to dredge the drain frequently to prevent water accumulation and rot. However, the water requirement during the seedling stage and the seedling stage is relatively large. It is necessary to keep the soil moist and timely watering in the event of drought. (4) Lei. It is advisable to use buds and buds from buds to prevent the loss of nutrients.
Third, harvest processing
The spring planted in the October-November year of the year above the ground wilt or late spring before germination. First remove the stems and leaves from the ground and open a deep ditch at one end of the bed so that the roots of the roots will be exposed and a complete root will be dug forward to prevent excavation. After digging, cut off the remaining stems. Each mu can produce 200-250 kilograms of dried medicinal herbs.
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