First, choose the site preparation. The bitter gourd is suitable for spring sowing. Bitter gourd hi, wet, fertility, impatient, should choose the upper layer, fertility, etc., convenient drainage and irrigation plots. Before the site preparation, 5000 kg of farmyard fertilizer, 40 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of potassium fertilizer were used per mu. Thirty centimeters of plough depth, leveling and snoring, and width of 1.6 meters.
Second, germination sowing. Germination began around mid-March. Melon seeds were first soaked in warm water of 45°C-50°C, soaked for 24 hours after cooling, and then germinated under 30°C conditions after being expanded. When the seeds were exposed to white tips up to 50%, seedlings were planted; nutrition was used to cultivate seedlings. The paper is rolled into a cylinder with a diameter of 8 cm and a height of 10 cm, filled with nutrient soil and arranged in a seedbed. One seed was sown in each nutrient pot and watered immediately. After the water penetrated, 1 cm thick fine soil was sprinkled on it and then covered with plastic sheeting.
Third, field management.
(a) The temperature in the seedbed shed is maintained at about 30°C during the day and not less than 15°C during the night. The first true leaf to 4 true leaf phases should be ventilated and cooled at noon to maintain 25°C-30°C. In the 7 days to 10 days before transplanting and planting, it is necessary to control the moisture and reduce the seedbed temperature. Gradually increase the ventilation time until the film is completely uncovered.
(b) transplanting Dingmiao. The seedling age was planted in the field at the time of 5 leaves and 1 heart, and the suitable planting period was on April 25th. In the whole area, there are two rows of each row, with a 1.2-meter row spacing and a 50-centimeter hole spacing. Each hole is applied with about 20 grams of compound fertilizer, and 1600--1700-tree acres are planted.
(c) Set up the stand. When bitter gourd begins to pump vines, it is necessary to build a “human†bracket. The top of the rack should be connected with a crossbar. The fixed pole should use a bamboo pole with a length of 2.5 meters and a diameter of 3 centimeters. In the early period, attention should be paid to artificially tying up vines and assisting melons to get on shelves.
(d) Pruning fork. After the bitter gourd is put on the shelf, the main vine can not leave melons below 50 cm. The female flowers should be removed to facilitate the overall development. After the main vines have 6 - 7 melons, leave 5 - 6 leaves to be topped and remove the remaining vines.
(five) fertilizer and water management. The bitter gourd grows for a long period of time and the collection period lasts for more than 3 months. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure adequate supply of water and fertilizers, especially during the full fruit period. In case of drought, water should be poured every 7 days. Before watering, it should be combined with urea or compound fertilizer 7 kg -10 kg per mu, in case of continuous rain, should pay attention to drainage; at the same time foliar spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 23 times.
(6) Pest control. Diseases of bitter melon mainly include anthrax, which occurs more than in the middle and late stages. Control should be promptly removed from the residual, rotten, diseased leaves. Can also be used 50% thiophanate 800-1000 times, or 70% of chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times daily spray control in the early stages of the disease, pests mainly aphids, cabbage caterpillar, available emulsion 1000-2000 times Liquid or 40% Dimethoate 1500 times foliar spray.
(vii) Seed production in time. The fruits of a bitter gourd are mature one after another. During the prosperous period of melons, mature melons should be picked once a day; use scissors when picking them to avoid tearing them. At the same time, we must eliminate the mixed melons, choose the color and melon-shaped preserved seeds, and do the picking on the same day, take the seeds and wash them on the same day to ensure the seed germination rate.
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