Q: What is water and fertilizer integration technology? What are the commonly used methods?
Experts: Strictly speaking, the integration of water and fertilizer is to dissolve the fertilizer into the irrigation water, and to supply the water and fertilizer to the root-knot soil of the crop simultaneously with the water-supplying fertilizer. One of the advantages of water and fertilizer integration can be a synergistic effect of the combination of fertilizer and water, and the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water can be significantly improved. Second, the rapid fertilizer efficiency and timely supply of high-yield crops during the fast-growing period are also the nutrient requirements during the production period. Therefore, in recent years, more and more crops have been used in intensive economic crop cultivation.
The effect of water and fertilizer integration technology depends primarily on the irrigation method and fertilization technology. Different types of irrigation have different effects. According to different irrigation methods, irrigation and fertilization can be divided into fertilization, pipe fertilization, spray fertilization, drip irrigation and fertilization. In China's agricultural production, there have been water fertigation (fertilization) methods that have long been used in northern vegetable lands many years ago, as well as drip irrigation fertilization methods in Xinjiang's large-scale cotton fields. In recent years, more fruit and vegetable production has been developed in southern regions such as Guangdong. Medium pipe irrigation fertilization method. These different methods of water and fertilizer integration have achieved results in varying degrees. Judging from the current development trend, the strict application of irrigation and fertilization methods is increasing, and the development trend of the extensive water fertigation has gradually weakened, which reflects the progressive trend of China's agricultural production methods.
Q: Why is there such a trend? Please describe the technical features and effects of water fining?
Expert: Water fertilization is the application of solid particles of powdery or granular solid fertilizers including urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, or granular compound fertilizers, and even organic fertilizers such as humic acid (or powder or liquid). The vegetable surface is then flushed with water and fertilizer. In this way, when the temperature is relatively low, the granular compound fertilizer is not easy to dissolve immediately, and it takes several days to dissolve the infiltrated soil. Visible fertilization of water fertilization method is extensive, usually through the large channels of irrigation water delivered to the field after the use of surface irrigation, or flood irrigation or furrow irrigation have the characteristics of flooding. Mu irrigation can reach as much as 60 to 80 cubic meters. The amount of fertilizer is also more, are 20 to 30 kg. For example, the recommended amount of potash fertilizer, the use of total water-soluble potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate in fertilization increased to more than 15 kg, which is obviously excessive and inappropriate. Such large-scale and large-scale fertilizers may cause leaching of fertilizer and water, reduce the utilization rate, and may cause problems of uneven water and fertilizer and reduce the high yield and quality of agricultural products. Therefore, after many years of production experience, this approach has shown weakness.
Q: Please describe the techniques and characteristics of fertigation.
Experts: There are many irrigation methods for fertigation and fertigation, but the basic characteristics are all irrigation system under pressurized conditions. Can use a small tube outflow, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation and other methods. They are contrary to flood irrigation and have the characteristics of precise irrigation. Fertilizer types can be either liquid or solid, but they are required to be water-soluble and contain very few impurities. Generally, granular compound fertilizers (including Chinese and foreign compound fertilizer products) should not be used; if organic liquid fertilizer such as biogas slurry or fulvic acid is used , to filter in advance so as not to block the pipeline. It can be seen that the irrigation and fertigation system needs the supporting equipment such as pumps, pipelines, fertilizer tanks, storage tanks for fertilizers, and fertilizer applicators. Taking drip fertigation as an example, the water and fertilizer required for the current growth stage of the crop are transported to the crop roots through drip irrigation pipes. Due to the quantitative, timing and accurate supply of water and fertilizers, this technology has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, high production, and high quality. In short, the main features of fertigation and fertilization are uniform fertilization, small quantities and timely supply. It is required to make a difference according to the type of crop and the amount of fertilizer needed in different growth periods, and to match the amount of irrigation water. Ammonium and urea nitrogen fertilisers are avoided from volatilization on the surface. This point is very important, even if water is used for fertilizer, it is difficult to completely avoid the loss of volatilization. Therefore, irrigation and fertilization saves both nitrogen fertilizer and environmental protection, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is greatly improved. It will be widely adopted in the development of intensive agricultural production.
Finally, we must remind that the key technology for irrigation and fertilization is to grasp the principle of timely and appropriate supply of water and fertilizer, based on the temporal and spatial patterns of the nutritional needs of target crops, determine the appropriate fertilization period and the amount of fertilizer.
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