1, pharmacological effects of sessile five plus
a. Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects: The root barks of sessile quinoa produced in Liaoning are extracted with ethanol without defatted preparations and defatted preparations. The intraperitoneal injection of mice has analgesic effect, but it is more palliative than morphine, but Rabbit experiment no antipyretic effect. These two preparations inhibited rat egg white and formaldehyde "arthritis", and their effects were similar to that of cortisone. Therefore, it was reported that the anti-inflammatory effects of acanthopanax senticosus are closely related to the adrenal glands. Experiments showed that the extract of stalked Acanthopanax senticosus in Jilin had obvious inhibitory effects on carrageenan, egg white, hot-burning, formaldehyde-induced rats, mice's foot swelling, croton oil air-balloon exudation, and granulation tissue proliferation. Significantly inhibited adjuvant (6mg death tuberculosis / ml) arthritis and type I, II, III allergic inflammation. There is also obvious antipyretic and analgesic effects.
b. Effects on Cardiovascular: Non-degreased preparations have a significant inhibitory effect on isolated hearts, and on the other hand, the heart rate is slowed on the 蟾èœ-dead heart; defatted preparations reduce the frequency of the isolated heart, but only on the resident heart. Reduced amplitude. Both preparations can reduce blood pressure in anesthetized rabbits.
c. Other effects: The two preparations have excitatory effects on isolated rabbit intestine and uterus, and the gestational uterus is more obvious. Can also reduce rabbit vascular permeability.
2. The pharmacological effects of Acanthopanax
(1) Strengthen the body's resistance to non-specific stimulation and adaptability: Acanthopanax root extract and fleas have anti-fatigue effect. The effect of earthworms is stronger than that of root extracts, and stronger than that of ginseng extracts and ginseng roots.
The mice abdominal cavity injection of total flavonoid solution of Acanthopanax senticosus and Acanthopanax senticosus water-soluble part can significantly improve the resistance to atmospheric pressure and hypoxia. The injection of aqueous solution of Acanthopanax senticosus water extract can significantly improve the ability of hypoxia tolerance. Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids can significantly increase the survival rate of mice under hypobaric and atmospheric hypoxia conditions, and can significantly reduce the overall oxygen consumption of mice. Acanthopanax extract and volatile oil can significantly prolong the survival time of mice under normobaric hypoxia.
Experiments show that: Acanthopanax extract can improve the body's adaptability to temperature changes. A small amount of Acanthopanax root extract has a good effect on the metabolic processes and working ability of the main system of high-temperature workers, while increased doses increase body temperature, sweat volume, lung capacity, and exhaled carbon dioxide, and oxygen consumption. 3. Elevated, adrenocortical glucocorticoids and male hormones can both rise relatively and absolutely.
Acanthopanax can enhance the animal's ability to resist radiation, and has an anti-radiation effect on an acute X-ray irradiation or multiple chronic irradiations. For long-term irradiation, Acanthopanax can prolong the life of a rat by 2 times, and can improve blood circulation. Protects red blood cells from radiation damage.
Acanthopanax has a significant anti-stress effect, can change the body's pathological process of stress response, so that adrenal hypertrophy, adrenal cholesterol and vitamin C content in the process, reduced thymus atrophy and gastric bleeding and other conditions. Anti-stress effect was the strongest effect of Acanthopanax senticosus E, Acanthopanax senticosus B was weak, Acanthopanax senticosus C had no effect. Acanthopanax can prolong the resistance period of stress response. Acanthopanax can also prevent the weight of the adrenal glands, thymus, spleen, liver, kidney and heart, etc., appearing in animals during the "failure period" of stress response to relatively decrease.
Acanthopanax also has a detoxification effect, which can reduce the frog's mortality caused by the injection of dynamitin and increase the detoxification ability of the body to xylenol phosphate, strychnine and guitar forest.
(2) The role of the central nervous system: Acanthopanax has a significant sedative effect. Acanthopanax not only improves the excitement process, but also strengthens the inhibition process, so that the inhibition tends to concentrate and complete differentiation (enhancement of the cerebral cortex inhibition process). Acanthopanax's stimulant effect on the central nervous system is similar to that of ginseng. It can make the rabbit's EEG show slight excitement and reduce the inhibitory effects of chloral hydrate, barbital, and chlorpromazine. A single administration showed stimulatory effects in the central nervous system and continuous administration showed a strong effect. Its excitatory principle differs from that of amphetamines. It not only has low toxicity, but also does not disturb normal sleep. Acanthopanax's excitement or inhibition of the nervous system is related to the functional state and dose size of the nervous system when administered.
2.1. Excitation: The EEG of rabbits showed that Acanthopanax extract can attenuate the inhibitory effects of chloral hydrate, barbiturate, and chlorpromazine, as well as obvious stimulatory effects on the central nervous system. Acanthopanax extract can also shorten the anesthetic process of ether and increase the excitability of ether or chloral hydrate anesthesia.
2.2. Inhibitory effects: Acanthopanax extract has a sedative effect on the central nervous system. It can prolong the hexene anaesthesia time and reduce the excitability after hexene anaesthesia.
2.3. Anticonvulsant effects: In some experiments, the injection of saturated sodium chloride for several minutes prior to the animal's death will increase the extent of extensor contracture; for example, if the animal is first given 1 hour before fixation, the poisoned mice Obviously reduced state.
Acanthopanax can improve the excitement and inhibition process of the cerebral cortex and increase the brain work efficiency. When the leaves and root extracts are mixed, the effect is more obvious. Acanthopanax extract can improve people's self-feeling, memory and attention, improve work efficiency and reduce errors, and make sleep normal. Acanthopanax extract can enhance the brain's resistance to ischemia.
(3) Effects on the cardiovascular system: Acanthopanax senticosus flavonoids have protective effects on pituitrin-induced acute myocardial ischemia in guinea pigs; it can also increase coronary blood flow in isolated rabbit hearts. Acanthopanax senticosus aqueous solution increased coronary flow, but also slightly slowed heart rate and inhibited cardiac contractility. Water-soluble flavonoids were an effective part of the crown expansion effect. Acanthopanax senticosus can induce elevation of T-wave and heart rate caused by acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin injection in rabbits, which has a certain improvement effect, but has no significant effect on ST segment. Acanthopanax can attenuate the damage of myocardial ischemic tissue in rabbits and promote the regeneration of surface cells and the recovery of myocardial infarct area.
Animal experiments show that: Ciwujia extract subcutaneous or intravenous injection can expand the cerebral blood vessels, improve blood supply to the brain. The alcohol infusion aqueous solution can make the blood pressure drop, and repeated dosing without fast tolerance. Acanthopanax flavonoids also have the effect of reducing blood pressure and expanding peripheral blood vessels. Acanthopanax has an adjustment effect on blood pressure, which can restore normal blood pressure in cats, and reduce the blood pressure of rabbits caused by epinephrine to the normal range. Ethanol extract of Acanthopanax extract and its stems and leaves has a strong inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, which can significantly inhibit ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in animals.
(4) Effect of anti-pathogenic microorganisms: In vitro experiments showed that Acanthopanax alcohol extract (1:1) or water decoction (1:1) inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. The former has certain antibacterial effects on Neisseria and Escherichia coli. Acanthopanax Senticosus polysaccharide has a certain resistance to tuberculosis infection. Acanthopanax can antagonize the immunosuppressive effects of Robulus toxin C.
(5) Anti-inflammatory effects: Rat oral administration of Acanthopanax root alcohol leaching solution has obvious inhibitory effect on egg white swollen feet. Acanthopanax extract can prevent the development of formaldehyde-induced swollen feet in rats in the adrenal glands in both spring and winter. Experiments show that: Acanthopanax can significantly enhance the inflammatory cells in guinea pigs and mouse reticuloendothelial cells phagocytosis, the role of mice rose formation. Acanthopanax plush stem extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the acute inflammation of mice and rats induced by xylene, formaldehyde and carrageenan, and the chronic inflammatory hyperplasia of cotton ball granuloma. Acanthopanax stems and roots have similar anti-inflammatory effects.
(6) Anti-tumor effect: Acanthopanax extract has certain inhibitory effects on transplanted tumors, drug-induced tumors, cancer metastasis, and spontaneous leukemia in animal experiments, and can also reduce the toxicity of anticancer drugs.
(7) Anti-fatigue effect: Acanthopanax root extracts and steroids all have anti-fatigue effects. The role of earthworms is stronger than that of the extracts, and it is stronger than that of the ginseng extracts and the ginseng roots. Intraperitoneal injection of Acanthopanax alcohol extract aqueous solution 20g/kg, an average of 1/4 of the swimming time of mice. Acanthopanax senticosus water extract 500mg/kg and its clove resin phenol-di-oBD-glucoside 50mg/kg can significantly prolong rat swimming time. The mouse climbing rope test was used to determine the physiological activity of Acanthopanax senticosus at different growth stages. It showed that: 1g of dried roots in May was 79SUA33/g (excitatory action unit), and the activity decreased significantly in July, and reached the maximum before falling leaves in August. The value is 116SUA33/g. Acanthopanax leaves also showed similar changes (SUA33: experimental animals compared to control animals, delayed 33% at the failure of a SUA33). The extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus root and leaf can increase the activity energy of rats by 25% and 70%, respectively.
(8) Anti-cancer effect: The extracts and total saponins of Acanthopanax senticosus have inhibitory effects on experimental xenografts, drug-induced tumors, cancer metastasis, and spontaneous mouse leukemia, and can also reduce anticancer drugs. The toxicity. Rats and mice were inoculated with sarcoma 180 and sarcoma 256 tumors. Acanthopanax had a weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of sarcoma (4-28%). Acanthopanax extract can reduce the positive rate of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma transplanted in mice and reduce the lesions of cancer, and increase the effect of thiotepa on transplantation and development of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. It does not change the positive rate of transplants of WACKER ascites sarcoma in rats, but it can reduce the lesions on the lungs. The mice were able to inoculate LID-1 and some other cancers with a reduced positive rate of transplantation, which can inhibit urethane-induced lung adenomas, reduce thyroid cancer caused by 6-MTU, and mouse myelogenous leukemia caused by sputum. Reduce the formation of spontaneous breast cancer and spontaneous leukemia in mice. After taking cyclophosphamide mice, taking Acanthopanax extract can improve the animals' survival time and survival rate. However, when taken together with cyclophosphamide in mice inoculated with sarcoma 180, Acanthopanax had no effect on the toxicity and anticancer effect of cyclophosphamide. Acanthopanax can also inhibit the proliferation of mouse SSK sarcoma and rat wach tumor. Reduce the blood-borne diffusion of hydrocortisone in mice after infusing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. It can reduce the sensitivity of rat's Wacker's tumor and mouse sarcoma 180 to the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide and ethyl palmitodol. It can increase the median lethal dose of ethyl ethyl pentobarbital from 30 mg/kg to 46 mg/kg in mice with leukemia and can reduce the chronic poisoning symptoms caused by ethyl barbital and cyclophosphamide in experimental animals. Such as animal weight, thymus, adrenal gland weight and white blood cells and eosinophils, etc. have improved.
(9) Anti-aging effects: After 2 months of feeding of Acanthopanax on 22-month-old rats, red blood cell lipid peroxides decreased by 17.75, Na+, and K+-ATPase activity increased by 17.42%, suggesting a certain anti-aging effect.
(10) Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects: Acanthopanax senticosus mice with ablated adrenal glands can reduce thermal inflammatory edema in summer, autumn, and winter, and slightly anti-inflammatory in spring. Rats with adrenalectomy can prevent the development of formaldehyde-induced joint inflammation in winter and spring. Can reduce the inflammation caused by saline and 15% protein solution. The first hour after injection of Acanthopanax extract from mice and rabbits infected with Listeria spp. reduced the animal's resistance to infection and subsequently significantly increased the resistance to infection, so it was thought to increase. The body's ability to enterobacteriaceae.
(11) Effects on the endocrine system: Administration of Acanthopanax to rats 15 minutes after quiescence and swimming did not significantly increase epinephrine and cortisone levels in the blood. However, after 5 hours of swimming, the cortisone content was significantly increased. It has been reported that there is no significant change in the internal tissues of the adrenal gland after administration, but it has a direct and significant effect on the adrenal chromaffin tissue. Acanthopanax root extract and Acanthopanax senticosus have gonadotrophic effects. Male pups taking root extracts and total saponins isolated from leaves, or Acanthopanax B, B1 and E, both increased body weight and seminal vesicle and prostate weight and RNA content. Scorpion in the castration of male animals to prevent the atrophy of the seminal vesicle and prostate, female mice have a significant role in promoting female sex hormones, and promote precocious puberty and weight gain. After taking Acanthopanax extract, the egg production of the hen can be increased by 20.4%, the weight of the egg is increased by 24%, and the total nitrogen and protein in the fallopian tube are increased. The hen's egg hatched chick raises nitrogen and protein. Metabolism. The preparation of Acanthopanax can prevent sexual function caused by oxidized sunflower oil in rabbits, reduce the concentration and activity of sperm, and reduce the spontaneous abortion and death of female rabbits. Preventing hairless and perioral necrosis and liver and heart pathological changes caused by oxidized fat, vitamin E rarely has this effect.
(12) Immune enhancement: Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides (PES.) and its quinones B (lipase pods), D and E (in both configurations of syringa resin phenolphthalein) can significantly increase cell production induced interferon The ability of the S801 and S7811 leukemia cell lines to induce the PES (pure) is best, followed by PES and its B, D, E. Opthas sinensis (50g/kg) has a protective effect on subcutaneous injection of cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia, and it also has a significant preventive effect on benzene-induced leukopenia in mice and rabbits. Intraperitoneal injection of Acanthopanax Injection can inhibit leukopenia caused by cyclophosphamide. Acanthopanax Polysaccharides have a good effect on the reconstitution of B cells, and can reduce the leukopenia caused by cyclophosphamide, significantly enhance the hemolytic plaque assay of IgM and IgG secreted by mice spleen, and delay the induction of bovine serum albumin by mice. Hair type hypersensitivity. Acanthopanax can increase the phagocytic ability of the reticuloendothelial system and the phagocytic ability of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity, increasing the percentage of rosettes by 1.2-1.8 times. Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide can significantly increase the activity of CTL killer target cells and promote ConA-stimulated mouse spleen cells to secrete interleukin-210. Other effects: Acanthopanax can increase the plasma concentration of human eosinophils and a-globulin , the number of red blood cells and the alkali reserves in the blood. Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides can significantly improve the liver poisoning caused by CCl4 and sulfamide acetamide, and can promote the body's ability to resist infection, have a certain resistance to tuberculosis infection, and anti-diuretic effect.
(13) Other effects: Acanthopanax can regulate endocrine dysfunction. Not only can prevent adrenal hyperplasia caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone, but also can reduce atrophy caused by cortisone. It can prevent thyroid hormone caused by thyroid hypertrophy, but can also prevent methylthiouracil caused by thyroid atrophy. Both the food and adrenal hyperglycemia can be reduced to normal blood glucose, insulin-induced hypoglycemia can also increase blood glucose.
Acanthopanax can promote lymphocyte response to PHA, but it has no mitogenic effect itself. It works by amplifying or attenuating the signals received by the cell and can increase the effect of PHA by blocking the elevation of cAMP (or promoting cAMP reduction). For the low immune function caused by Ts activity, Acanthopanax may be an effective drug.
Acanthopanax Senticosus polysaccharide has the effect of promoting the induction of interferon, and its best effect is 20-24 hours.
Acanthopanax extract can reduce blood glucose levels in nutritional and adrenergic hyperglycemia, and has therapeutic and preventive effects on alloxan diabetes in rats. Experiments show that: Acanthopanax Scorpion is injected into rats and inhibits alloxan-induced diabetes. Acanthopanax senticosus promotes the passage of sugar through the cell membrane and into the interior of the cell. Its antidiabetic effect is similar to that of insulin.
3. The oral administration of Acanthopanax root alcohol leaching solution in mice has significant antitussive and obvious expectorant effect. Aqueous solution (1:40) had no relaxing effect on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle.
Acanthopanax has a better adaptogens-like effect than ginseng. The so-called "adaptation to the original" is the drug that can make the body in a state of nonspecifically increased resistance (referred to as SNIR). The role of this type of drug is: to enhance the body's resistance to harmful stimuli; to adjust the pathological process to normalize; low toxicity, little interference with normal physiological function. That is to say, in enhancing the body's non-specific resistance dose, it does not cause significant changes in normal function; but when the body's resistance is reduced or there is a special need for extra burden, it can increase the performance of physical or intellectual work.
The mechanism of adaptation to the original may be related to the process of changing the general stress response. Acanthopanax may stop the anatomical and biochemical changes specific to the alert phase of the stress response, such as adrenal hyperplasia, lower cholesterol levels, and reduction of thymus. Stomach bleeding and so on. "Adapt to the original" has many functions, which not only affect the nervous system, cardiovascular system, but also affect many other physiological indicators. But its role is entirely in the direction of the body's favorable direction.
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