In summer, sowing and postponing autumn produce many varieties of vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, autumn tomatoes, autumn peppers, autumn eggplants, autumn cucumbers, celery, autumn lettuce, etc. This is a season when vegetables are growing in a high temperature season, with strong light and high temperatures. Frequent rainfall, rapid spread of pests and diseases, and difficulties in nurturing strong seedlings. According to many years of production practice, the author believes that this period of nursery should focus on the following aspects.
Nutrition soil preparation
When growing seedlings, nutrient soil must be carefully prepared. The best choice is to use more fertile, pastoral soil that has not been planted for five consecutive years, and fully decomposed and sieved organic fertilizers. Mix the two in a ratio of 6:4, for each cubic meter of nutrition. Add 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5-2 kg of superphosphate. In order to prevent soil-borne diseases, 50% Carbendazim WP can be used to spray water on the bed soil. Mix well and cover it with plastic film. After 2 to 3 days, the soil can be killed. A kind of pathogen.
Seedbed preparation
Nursery bed should be selected terrain high dry, well-drained area, the general bed width of 1.2 meters, the length of the seedlings may be determined by the number, with 8 cm 8 cm 10 cm nutrient bowl, 150 to 170 seedlings per square meter fertile. In the hot season, seedlings are best made outside the shed, and bamboo, insect nets, shade nets, and shed films are also to be prepared to build a small shed to prevent rain and rain. Conditions can also be used to grow seedlings.
Seed germination
The germination can promote the rapid development of seed embryos, and the following four points should be grasped during germination:
Appropriate temperature Germination temperature of cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper and other thermophilic vegetables is 25°C~30°C. In this period, attention should be paid to adjusting the temperature. The initial stage of germination can be low to avoid consuming more nutrients. When the seeds start to sprout and when there are individual sprouts, the temperature can be appropriately raised to promote rapid and neat bud emergence; after budding, the temperature is gradually lowered to prevent the seedlings from becoming excessively long. .
Seeds are turned every 4 to 5 hours during germination, and the seeds are washed with water every day, and germination is continued.
Suitable time Under suitable conditions, cucumber sprouting takes 36 to 48 hours, pepper takes 5 to 6 days, tomato takes 2 to 4 days, and zucchini takes 6 to 8 days.
Germination of standard cruciferous vegetables seeds is smaller, radicles break through the seed coat is appropriate; Solanaceous seeds do not exceed the length of the seed radicle; melon seeds to promote a short length of 1 cm is appropriate.
temperature control
The basic principle of seedling temperature management is “three highs and three lowsâ€, namely “high during the day and low at night; high in sunny days and low in cloudy days; high after planting before emergence and low before planting after emergenceâ€.
During sowing and unearthing, this stage should be kept warm and warmed to promote rapid seed germination. Solanaceous vegetables generally require a temperature of 25°C to 35°C.
Unearthed to the true leaves exposed to prevent seedlings grow, the temperature should be reduced by 4 °C ~ 5 °C than the germination period.
The temperature of the seedling growth stage should be controlled at 20 °C ~ 30 °C, to promote normal growth of seedlings but not leggy.
Nursery management
Adequate watering before sowing, no seeding period, no watering, prevention of excessive watering, excessive seedlings, moldy seedlings, leggy seedlings, or causing disease; do not cover the film on sunny days, increase sunlight as soon as possible to avoid strong Light-injured seedlings, can be covered at noon shade nets to reduce the seedbed temperature, ground temperature; appropriate time seedlings, remove weeds, to prevent seedlings caused by dead seedlings too late. In addition, it is necessary to remind that the emergence of vegetable seedling blight, damping-off disease, etc., should pay attention to prevention and treatment.
Nutrition soil preparation
When growing seedlings, nutrient soil must be carefully prepared. The best choice is to use more fertile, pastoral soil that has not been planted for five consecutive years, and fully decomposed and sieved organic fertilizers. Mix the two in a ratio of 6:4, for each cubic meter of nutrition. Add 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5-2 kg of superphosphate. In order to prevent soil-borne diseases, 50% Carbendazim WP can be used to spray water on the bed soil. Mix well and cover it with plastic film. After 2 to 3 days, the soil can be killed. A kind of pathogen.
Seedbed preparation
Nursery bed should be selected terrain high dry, well-drained area, the general bed width of 1.2 meters, the length of the seedlings may be determined by the number, with 8 cm 8 cm 10 cm nutrient bowl, 150 to 170 seedlings per square meter fertile. In the hot season, seedlings are best made outside the shed, and bamboo, insect nets, shade nets, and shed films are also to be prepared to build a small shed to prevent rain and rain. Conditions can also be used to grow seedlings.
Seed germination
The germination can promote the rapid development of seed embryos, and the following four points should be grasped during germination:
Appropriate temperature Germination temperature of cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper and other thermophilic vegetables is 25°C~30°C. In this period, attention should be paid to adjusting the temperature. The initial stage of germination can be low to avoid consuming more nutrients. When the seeds start to sprout and when there are individual sprouts, the temperature can be appropriately raised to promote rapid and neat bud emergence; after budding, the temperature is gradually lowered to prevent the seedlings from becoming excessively long. .
Seeds are turned every 4 to 5 hours during germination, and the seeds are washed with water every day, and germination is continued.
Suitable time Under suitable conditions, cucumber sprouting takes 36 to 48 hours, pepper takes 5 to 6 days, tomato takes 2 to 4 days, and zucchini takes 6 to 8 days.
Germination of standard cruciferous vegetables seeds is smaller, radicles break through the seed coat is appropriate; Solanaceous seeds do not exceed the length of the seed radicle; melon seeds to promote a short length of 1 cm is appropriate.
temperature control
The basic principle of seedling temperature management is “three highs and three lowsâ€, namely “high during the day and low at night; high in sunny days and low in cloudy days; high after planting before emergence and low before planting after emergenceâ€.
During sowing and unearthing, this stage should be kept warm and warmed to promote rapid seed germination. Solanaceous vegetables generally require a temperature of 25°C to 35°C.
Unearthed to the true leaves exposed to prevent seedlings grow, the temperature should be reduced by 4 °C ~ 5 °C than the germination period.
The temperature of the seedling growth stage should be controlled at 20 °C ~ 30 °C, to promote normal growth of seedlings but not leggy.
Nursery management
Adequate watering before sowing, no seeding period, no watering, prevention of excessive watering, excessive seedlings, moldy seedlings, leggy seedlings, or causing disease; do not cover the film on sunny days, increase sunlight as soon as possible to avoid strong Light-injured seedlings, can be covered at noon shade nets to reduce the seedbed temperature, ground temperature; appropriate time seedlings, remove weeds, to prevent seedlings caused by dead seedlings too late. In addition, it is necessary to remind that the emergence of vegetable seedling blight, damping-off disease, etc., should pay attention to prevention and treatment.
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