Corn mulching has the advantages of increasing temperature and keeping soil moisture, promoting soil microbial activity and nutrient decomposition, improving soil physical properties, increasing light intensity in the field, inhibiting weeds growth, reducing ecological effects such as diseases and insect pests, and accelerating the growth rate of plant roots and leaves. Spike differentiation and filling time were advanced, leaf area coefficient was increased, and photosynthetic efficiency was improved. According to the practice, the film-mulched corn has a significant effect on yield increase. In addition, the spring mulching cultivation of sweet corn and fresh corn can be used in the morning market to increase income.
The function of the film
After mulching, the mulch obstructs the spread of soil water, gas, and heat into the air, promotes microbial activity and soil nutrient decomposition and release, and forms a new ecosystem, which has the following positive effects:
After temperature-enhancing film coverage, the soil temperature increased significantly, which promoted the germination and growth of corn. During the whole growing period of maize, the average temperature can be increased by more than 2°C, especially in May-June before the jointing of corn, the average temperature of 5cm soil layer can be increased by more than 3°C.
After the soil is covered with plastic film, the soil moisture content is generally 1% to 3% higher than that of uncoated soil due to the reduction of soil evaporation, and the highest soil moisture content is 7%. At the same time, since the mulch blocked the entry of rainwater, the soil moisture content increased slowly and smoothly after rainfall. Uncovered soil reached the highest value on the day of rainfall, and then began to decline rapidly. After coating, the water content of soil remained relatively stable due to the reduction of water loss and the gradual increase of soil moisture.
After the application of the fertilizer, the ground temperature is increased, soil moisture is preserved, and it is conducive to the activity and reproduction of soil microorganisms. The number of soil microorganisms increases and their activity increases, which promotes the decomposition of nutrients in the soil, thereby increasing soil fertility. Especially in the early growth period of maize, the increase of available nitrogen and phosphorus is very obvious. The content of available nitrogen in the film-covered soil is still higher than that of the uncoated soil in the middle and later stages of corn growth.
Improve the soil properties of the coating to prevent the rain on the surface of the soil. At the same time, the expansion and contraction of water molecules in the membrane improves the soil aggregate structure, increases soil porosity, reduces soil bulk density, and increases the amount of water in the field. .
Field management
Soil preparation before laying a film before the fine preparation of soil, fertilizer per acre Shinong 5000 to 8000 kilograms, ammonium bicarbonate 30 to 40 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer 20 to 30 kilograms. According to the shape of the plot, it should be 70 centimeters wide and open. The height should be 15 centimeters in height and 10 centimeters on both sides. The root surface must have no roots or clods. After covering the membrane, the membranes should be paved, moderately elastic and close to the ground. Both sides of the membrane should be compacted with soil. A small pile of soil should be pressed every 2 meters above the membrane, and soil should be tightly sealed at the crack to prevent the membrane from being removed by wind. It is necessary to lay the film 3 to 5 days before sowing in order to facilitate lifting and emergence. Poorly placid, arid plots can be laid in time after rain.
Variety and sowing date selection of good corn varieties is the key to obtain high yield of film-covered cultivation. The middle and late-maturing hybrids suitable for local planting can be selected. The seedlings can be emerged 10 to 12 days after sowing. The sowing dates vary from place to place, and local conditions should be adopted.
Reasonable sowing and reasonable sowing are the basis for increased yield of film-mulched corn. Hybrid corn is generally planted in 3300-3500 acres with a spacing of 50 cm, a plant spacing of 40 cm, a drilling depth of 3 to 5 cm, 3 seeds per hole, and timely soiling. .
Field management before the emergence of rain, we must promptly break the compaction in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, 4 to 5 leaf stage Dingmiao. The film-covered corn grows fast, and the water and fertilizer are consumed quickly. In the silking period, the following 4 leaves appear premature aging, should apply fertilizer in a timely manner. When the base of the tassel of 1/3 of the whole field has just been extracted and has not yet flowered, the tassel can be removed by the interlaced septum, and the emasculated plants should not exceed 1/3. 2 to 3 lines do not castrate, so as not to affect the normal pollination.
Most of the harvested corn is live stalk maturation and must be harvested in due time. After harvest, combined with the site preparation, the waste film was removed to the ground and treated uniformly to prevent contamination of the soil.
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