In order to change the “Xixia Modelâ€, the spring cultivation of bagged materials requires the use of a small knife to cut the mouth, prone to malformation mushrooms, and limits the traditional technology of the development of the mushroom. In 2006, Fujian and Zhejiang used cutting-free cultivation techniques. After several years of application experiments and technological innovations, many problems in the “Xixia Model†spring bagged mushrooms have been effectively solved. The use of cut-free cultivation of mushroom, save a lot of labor and labor costs, fruiting and orderly, convenient mushroom cultivation, artificial flowering ratio from the past 30% -40% to 60%.
Mushrooms are mushrooms in the condition of low temperature and semi-dry environment suitable for mycelial growth. During the growth of fruit bodies, the surface of mushroom buds is affected by the dry climate of the environment. Cracked pattern. The patterned mushroom is tender and firm, and its mouthfeel is smooth and mellow. It is the best among the mushrooms and the market price is more than 50% higher than that of the shiitake mushroom.
1. Formula and synthesis: 78% hard wood chips, 20% bran, 1% sucrose, 1% plaster.
After research, the surface of mushroom stems with clean and regular mushrooms should have a white spot with 10% "leopard spot". To achieve such a finished fungus bar, it is necessary to master the water distribution method and inspection skills of the culture materials and manage them according to the traditional methods. It is possible to cultivate a qualified bacterial stick with a "leopard spotted" surface quality.
1.1 Look at the water demand of raw materials: Firstly mix the raw materials such as sawdust, wheat bran and gypsum that have been synthesized, and weigh 1kg of synthetic raw materials. (Or use a standard bag in a cultivated plastic bag to weigh it and then pour it out.) , Slowly add water to the raw materials, (usually dry chips add water between 1:0.8-0.9, freshly processed wet wood chips add water between 1:0.6-0.8, raw materials added with fine sawdust add water at 1:0.9 - between 1.1). To test the moisture content of the synthetic culture material to 48%-55%, add the raw material that has been mixed into the new cultivation bag and gently press it. Then shake the plastic bag to see where the material is on the plastic bag. With bran and a small amount of fine sawdust or sawdust, the water mark on the bag is acceptable, the water mark is on the plastic bag, and there is a lot of bran and wood chips that cannot shake off. Sawdust was dry on the bag and the amount of water was insufficient. After the appropriate amount of water is allocated, calculate the ratio of water distribution and calculate the total amount of water needed for the total raw material. When adding water to the synthetic raw material, first add 80% of the total amount of water used for the water distribution. After mixing, look at the moisture content of the raw material and add it to the appropriate amount.
1.2 Total water distribution measurement method: 1 Water content measurement method: The total amount of water to be added (calculated as the ratio of one ton of water per cubic meter) is calculated from the capacity of the usage equipment (such as large buckets and water tanks). 2 Water flow measurement method: Calculate the amount of water using the tap water or water pump outlet speed. Weigh the water volume of a bucket first, and then use a stopwatch to observe the time required to fill a bucket of water. Calculate the amount of water per minute, per minute, per hour of tap water and water pump, and you can give different amounts of synthetic raw materials accurately. Add water.
2. Bagging and Sterilization: When the bag is not cut and bagged, it can be bagged with a single screw or twin screw machine. Among them, the double screw type bagging machine has the effect of self-blow, and it can be more suitable when the bag is to be sacked and used for bagging. The degree of non-cut bagging is the same as the actual quality requirement of bagging without bag-free bagging. It requires “feeling is hard, there are pits, there are two hands, and the bag film is not looseâ€. Bagging too much, affecting the speed of germination and the number of mushrooms and yield, bagging too easy to deform the bag material, after inoculation is not conducive to set and eat bacteria species, but also because the bag material is too soft in the bending caused by the move Respiratory and infected with bacteria. The quantity of each sterilization is 3,000 to 5,000 rods. It is possible to use the 24-pound and 36-tube atmospheric pressure sterilizing boilers produced by the Xiwei County Shenwei Machinery Co., Ltd., which are subsidized by the national agricultural machinery. Its characteristics are: the ignition of 5 minutes atmospheric pressure steam 135-165 °C, gas production per hour 100-150kg, coal consumption per hour of about 8-25kg.
2.1 Sterilization bag material wrapping method (Sichuan County simple removable mode of sterilization);
(1) Shop bottom: first use plastic film to cover the ground, separate the steam directly from the ground and spread it with two layers of bricks to grow 4m wide and 3m wide, leaving air flow channels with a horizontal and vertical interval of 810cm wide. The layers can be breathable sacks or woven bags with the sterilized bags discharged.
(2) Flotation inspection hole and package inspection (the ratio of the micro-holes can be less than 3% can not use floating water inspection hole): Put the packed bag material into a large water basin, quickly dial 2-3 weeks, if there is micro-hole water inlet Dark spots will appear and be removed immediately. Scotch tape will be applied to the steam sterilizer. 24-27 bags per line, 9m discharge in 4m, 11-12 discharge, 3000 bags.
The bag is wrapped with double plastic film, a layer of insulation felt is placed in the middle and the plastic shade net is covered. Four sides are compacted with a sandbag, the steam pipe of the steam sterilization furnace is inserted into the bottom hole of the crucible, and the gap of the air intake pipe is sealed with a sandbag.
(3) Sterilization time: Taking 2500 bags per sterilization as an example, after the bag material is packaged and packaged, it is used to quickly break down with the fire. Generally, the film of the baggage can be raised about 6 hours. Put a brick on the swelled bag to mark it and start the timer for 24 hours (it can be increased by 100 bags per additional sterilization time for 1 hour to 5,000 bags of 48 hours, because the water content per 100 bars is 150 kg the above). 3 to 4 hours after the ceasefire, the bag material was moved into a 2m high, 3M wide, and 8M long canopy suspended by a plastic shed film. After igniting the 3-4 box aerosol disinfectant, the temperature was lowered and inoculated with the inoculation box. After sealing with a bagging method.
3. Stomach germination and puncture: When the diameter of the inoculated sterilized burrow develops to 8-10 cm, remove the coat pocket and perform the first puncture. Puncture holes 2 cm inwards along the margin of the bacterial colonies. The holes are 0.5-1 cm deep and each hole is 2 cm apart. The diameter of the bacterial colony grows to 10-15cm for the second time. The method is the same as above. The third puncture was performed when the bacterial mass had been connected to two thirds, as described above. After the mycelium overwrapped the bag, it continued to cultivate for 20-30 days to “magnify the gas†and pierced the hole with a puncture machine with a diameter of 6-8mm. The perforation was 9-11 per line. The hole depth was one-third of the diameter of the fungus rod. , 4-9 rows of holes per hole.
Attention should be paid to the following issues: 1 From the second puncture, each time the puncture occurs, it will cause the phenomenon of self-heating of the bacteria stick. The height of bacillary dysentery in the larvae will be stacked from the first to the 10th to the 11th, gradually reducing to 4 - 6-storey, management temperature within the bacteria shed 18- 25 °C, and maintain regular ventilation and darkness. 2 After the gas is amplified, it is immediately placed in the more summer sheds. If the sheds continue to be used for summer, the “well†shapes are placed on the 4-6th floor. 3 The temperature exceeds 28°C. It is forbidden to pierce the hole and prevent burning of bacteria and miscellaneous sticks.
4. The more summer shed management: the summer sheds are shaded with 95% black nets, the awnings are 3-4 meters high, and the awnings of the shed are more than 0.7 meters away. The total shelf width of the mushroom shed is 3.5m, the center bow height is 2.3m, the edge height of the bow edge is 1.8m, and the single row of racks on both sides of the mushroom shed is 43 ft wide. The shed is divided into 6 layers, the middle double evacuation mushroom frame is 85 inches wide and the bow shed is 4m thick. The wide plastic film is covered to prevent rain and water from infecting the inoculated hole.
More summer sheds need to pay attention to the problem: (1) Rainy weather keeps the air circulation around the shed and within the shed, which is conducive to the humid shed inside the shed to be discharged out of the shed so that the bacterium can be dehydrated evenly. (2) In case of high temperature above 35°C, use well water of 15-18°C below 5m, and spray the well water on the black shed and ground of the mushroom shed. Do not pour water on the bacillus to cause fungal infection. Bacteria.
5. Peeling and shucking mushrooms and nourishing buds: The weight of the fungus bar after the summer is 20%-40% lower than that of the cultivation and bagging. The dehydration rate of the mushroom bar before fruiting is less than 20%, and it is not suitable to directly inject water into the mushroom. You can select a suitable temperature for the mushrooming temperature of 12-20°C. Select several mushroom sticks to use the touch stick mushroom method. Test and observe Mushroom situation, if you can normal mushroom, wait until the temperature is stable at 12-20 °C weather, take off the plastic bag, take the touch stick mushroom. Select the daily temperature of 8-18 degrees Celsius on the sunny day, the appropriate water injection mushroom mushroom stick off the plastic bag, take water injection method mushrooms. The amount of water injection is preferably not more than 5% of the original weight of the cultivation bag. Each mushroom shed completes water filling in one day, which is conducive to neat mushrooming, cultivating mushroom buds, and cultivating flower buds.
After the watering or touching the mushroom shed, the management method to maintain the air humidity in the shed more than 80% is to open the shed's door at both ends of the shed at 7-9 hrs during the day and maintain the natural air at a natural air humidity of more than 70%. Circulation, the natural air humidity dropped to 70%. Close the door to the shed, use a high-pressure sprayer to humidify the shed, continue to maintain more than 80% of the humidity in the shed, and ventilate the mushroom shed for an hour or so in the evening humidification process. Close the shed door at night. The temperature management method is: daytime lighting control temperature upper limit 24 °C, nighttime control temperature 8-15 °C, continuous management 3-4 days later, regulation 15-20 °C maximum temperature range management to a large number of mushrooms. From water injection to mushrooming, management according to temperature and humidity management methods for 4-6 days, a large number of mushrooms can be seen.
After the mushroom sticks come out of the mushroom, put the mushroom sticks of the first mushroom on the lowest layer of the mushroom shed, put the mushroom sticks without mushrooming on the top layer of the mushroom holder, and let the shed inside (closed case) 1-5 The natural temperature difference of °C limits the length of the first mushroom, the long and fast point of the mushroom, and the characteristics of the large difference in temperature between the roof and the mushroom are used to promote rapid mushrooming. After 4-5 days of mushrooming, the mushroom sticks in the mushroom shed are adjusted and the temperature and humidity are adjusted. The mushroom buds on most of the mushroom sticks have grown to 0.5-2.5 cm, and the mushroom sticks are continued to grow and mushroom buds. Promote flowers and flowers program.
(The production of fresh mushrooms follows the above management method until the end of harvesting. The following flower promotion and flowering procedures are not required. During mushroom management, the mushroom stems will not be exchanged for the up and down positions.)
6. Flowering and cultivating flowers: when the diameter of the mushroom bud on the mushroom stem of the bag material reaches 1-2cm, a “dry and wet thermometer†is hung in the mushroom shed and the outside of the mushroom shed, which is convenient for viewing, and is ready to urge flowers. Flowers. The specific operating procedures are as follows: The first day of the dehumidification period, the humidity management in the morning shed is 70%-55%, and the humidity management in the afternoon shed is 65%-40%; the second day, the bud period, the humidity control in the morning shed is 65 %-45%, the humidity control in the afternoon shed is 65%-35%; on the third day the flowering period, the humidity control in the morning shed is 65%-45%, and the humidity control in the afternoon shed is 65%-35%.
In the process of promoting flower management, taking the mushroom shed 5 to 15m long in the Xixia pattern as an example, the management points are as follows: (1) During the sunny day, only the 0.5-1m door of the two sheds of the mushroom shed needs to be opened. The humidity in the shed is lower than the management requirement. At the time, use a sprayer to spray a small amount of moisture on the shed film on the mushroom shed. Close the gates at night to prevent nighttime wet tides from entering the shed while preventing strong winds from attacking the mushroom buds in the shed. (2) Cloudy weather, increase the ventilation volume appropriately, and take the humidity management requirements in the shed as the control target. When the humidity outside the shed is greater than in the shed, close the shed door. (3) During flowering and flowering, the ground inside the mushroom shed should not be watered to prevent the white pattern that breaks during the day from meeting the wet tide to become dark brown or reddish-brown and reduce and affect the value of the mushroom. (4) From the first day of the flowering procedure, the buds on the mushroom sticks can be budded. Too many mushroom sticks, remove small buds less than 0.5cm and larger than 2.5cm not easy to flower big buds, a mushroom stick to keep even the following 15 good quality buds suitable, up to no more than 20 One. (5) After the management according to the above procedure, the surface of mushroom buds from the first day becomes a solid feeling on the surface of the mushroom buds after dehydration; the second day the mushroom buds have the appearance of a tiny nipple on the surface and the surface color is uneven. From dark brown to light brown to dark brown, the center surface of the mushroom bud is bright, and the handle is hard and smooth. At the noon of the third day, some white buds appear on the surface of the mushroom bud. Continue to manage the management of humidity control procedures in accordance with the "flowering period" until harvesting.
7. Harvest and Storage of Mushrooms: When the mushroom is harvested, it is necessary to wear a thread-made glove. Do not touch the surface of the mushroom directly with the skin of the finger and affect the coloration of the mushroom. When harvesting, the roots of mushroom stalks should be grasped by hand, and they should be pulled out after being shaken and rotated to prevent mushroom stems from breaking into bag materials to infect the bacteria. Mushroom harvesting standards are divided into two categories: drying dehydration and preservation of mushrooms, dried mushroom harvesting open degree of 6-8 degrees, the dried mushroom mushroom shape is hemispherical or nearly spherical; fresh mushroom The degree of harvesting and opening is suitable for 4-6 degrees, with the spherical shape featured by the mushroom, or harvested according to the harvesting requirements of the market or export of fresh mushroom.
The dried mushroom should not be piled up after harvesting, and then placed on a sieve to bake it immediately after harvesting. The dried mushroom should be stored in a high-quality plastic bag and stored at a temperature of 25°C or less. Prevent moisture and insects from deteriorating. Freshly-stored fresh-keeping mushrooms should also be sent to the fresh-keeping store to be graded and preserved immediately after harvesting. It is not appropriate to cut the handle during the preservation period of the mushroom so as to avoid browning after cutting the mushroom handle.
Frozen Monkfish,Frozen Monkfish Fillet,Frozen Monkfish Tail,Frozen Monkfish Skinless
Zhejiang Zhoushan Jiaze Aquatic Co., Ltd. , https://www.tianjia-aquatics.com