The substances that make up life are protoplasms, and protoplasms include nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, lipids, and so on. However, these protoplasts are not “living†in themselves, but only show their vital characteristics when they are assembled into a highly ordered and complex structure. A collection of two or more biological macromolecules that are organized according to specific laws is called a supramolecular system. They are used as building materials to assemble into various organelles to assemble complete cells. Cells are the basic unit of the structure and function of life and are the basic unit of life activity. Low-level single-cell organisms such as bacteria, amoebae, etc., one cell is an individual. Our common plant and animal individuals are multicellular organisms composed of many different kinds of cells. The number of cells that make up them is very considerable. For example, a newborn has 1012 cells, and an adult has about 1016 cells in total. The cells that make up multicellular organisms are not disorganized and clustered together, but through cell differentiation (ie, multicellular organisms develop in the same direction during the ontogeny, the newborn naive cells of the same type develop in different directions, and produce heterotypic cells with different shapes and functional divisions. The process of change) is highly specialized, forms organizations, organs, and systems according to certain laws, divides labor, cooperates, and directs commands to form a strict organism. With the exception of viruses, all living things are made up of cells. Small cells constitute our rich and varied biological world. The study of the origin of life and the origin of cells not only has biological significance, but also has the meaning of a scientific cosmology. The origin of a cell consists of three aspects: (1) the origin of the eukaryotic cell that constitutes all eukaryotes; (2) the origin of the prokaryotic cell that accompanies the origin of life; (3) the latest development of the three-sector doctrine, the ancient nucleus. The origin of the cell. On the basis of great development in cell biology, molecular biology, protobiology and microbiology, the research on the origin of eukaryotic cells has made great progress in the past 30 years, such as the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Some are making major breakthroughs, such as the issue of the origins of flagella and cytoskeleton, and pioneered the evolutionary molecular cell biology. Its purpose is to examine all cell biological phenomena from the perspective of the development and evolution of life. The fundamental key to the origin of eukaryotic cells is the origin of the nucleus, because the nucleus with nuclear envelope is the most fundamental marker of the morphological structure of eukaryotic cells. In recent years, we have studied the nucleus and nuclear fission patterns of the most primitive taxa currently known in all eukaryotes, diplomonads, and have discovered a series of unique and extremely primitive features. If it is still nucleolus, the nuclear envelope is incomplete, the nuclear fission is extremely primitive, and there is no spindle involvement in Giadia's nuclear fission. These findings combined with some important discoveries in the chromatin structure and the cleavage mechanism of prokaryotes abroad in recent years are bringing significant new breakthroughs to the study of the origin of nucleus and the origin of mitosis. The recent research on stem cells has achieved great progress and has received great attention from the world. The "dryness" of stem cells is translated from the English "Stem" meaning "tree", "dry", and "origin". Stem cells are cells of origin. According to its function, stem cells can be divided into totipotent stem cells and tissue stem cells. The former can develop and differentiate into a complete body, which is the origin of one or more tissues.