The lean meat percentage of the original local pig breeds in China is generally not more than 45%, while in foreign lean species, the lean meat percentage of the carcass can reach more than 60%, and the lean meat percentage of some carcasses can reach 80%. Lean meat is the main source of animal protein in people's foods, so the development of lean-type pigs can obtain higher economic benefits, which is the main direction of current and future commercial pig production.
At present, the price of lean meat in large and medium-sized cities and economically developed countries has exceeded the fat by more than one time. The two-generation hybrid pigs that were originally produced using the local pigs as female parent have a thick, low lean meat and have lost market competitiveness. China's pig production has gradually developed in the direction of specialization and industrialization. Production is market-oriented, and the market determines production. In order to increase the efficiency of pig raising, pork quality must be improved. At present, the lean body carcass rate is the most important indicator of the quality of pork. Therefore, the development of lean hog production is the common wish of producers and consumers in China at this stage.
Hybrid combination
Three-way hybrids are three varieties of the hybrid hog's parents. These three breeds have undergone secondary hybridization, and finally they have obtained three-way hybrid offspring. Among the two varieties that participated in the first mating, the species to which the sow belongs is called the female parent, and the species to which the boar belongs belongs to the first male parent. Obviously, the offspring of the first mating is a hybrid (F1). Selecting the F1 sow for breeding, and then mating with the third breed boar, all the fattening offspring is the three-way hybrid commercial hog. The second male parent who participated in the second mating boar is called the second male parent. For the second male parent, the three-way hybrid hog is still a hybrid.
It can be seen from the production process of the three-way hybrid hog that in his parents' generation, the father is a pure breed, and the mother is a generation of hybrids. The two parents of the grandfather are pure breeds. Compared with binary crossbreeding, it has a high degree of hybridization, has a richer genetic basis, and exhibits a higher heterosis, which can generally be increased by 2% to 5% on a binary hybrid basis. In the parental generation, the female parent is a hybrid, especially in terms of reproductive performance, such as litter size, lactation force, etc., which has significant heterosis and is absent from the maternal parent of the binary cross. However, compared with the binary crossbreeding, it is necessary to maintain three purebred parents and to retain one generation of hybrid sows. The hybrid breeding system is more complicated.
The main link
1, the parent selection and purification
The three-way hybrids are derived from purebred species. The more pure the parents, the higher the performance, and the better the hybrids are.
According to the role of parental varieties in hybridization, there should be differences in the selection requirements for the maternal and paternal varieties. The selection of female parent breeds should focus on breeding performance and adaptability, while the father's choice should emphasize growth, feed reward, and carcass quality.
2, should choose the best hybrid combination
The same is true for lean species, and the difference in cross-breeding between different breeds (strains) is also significant.
To choose the best combination of cross-promotion promotion. Therefore, the determination of combining ability, that is, the hybridization combination test, was decided before the promotion of the hybridization combination. Due to various reasons, it is not possible to do many cross-combination comparative tests at one time. According to relevant theories, reference can be made to existing data for social surveys and scientific predictions. The hybrid combination test must take into account the actual local feeding level in order to enhance the practical application value.
3, establish a sound breeding system
Establishing a sound breeding system is a reliable guarantee for the development of the ternary hybrid lean hog production. The hybrid breeding system for the production of three-way hybrid lean pigs consists of four generations of different types of farms: commercial generation, parental generation, ancestors, and the great ancestors. Each field has different properties and roles. Commercial farms mainly provide high-quality lean-type three-way hybrid pigs to the society. Parents-generation pig farms use three-way crossbred pigs for fattening production for commodity farms (households); A generation of hybrid gilts is added to the parent farm. The Zengzu pig farm is the pagoda in this breeding system. Its role is to ensure the continuous supply of high-performance purebred parents to the ancestors and parents (father). The breed breeding system is a strict seed production project. To complete this seed production project requires unified planning, close cooperation, close cooperation and clear division of labor. Indiscriminate hybridization, the quality of breeding pigs is not guaranteed, it is impossible to mention the best hybridization effect. Practice has proved that only by establishing and perfecting a four-grade breeding system can we ensure the best benefits for the production of three-way hybrid lean pigs.
4. Strengthen Feeding Management and Improve Nutrition Level Pigs are omnivores and can use a variety of feeds.
With regard to the nutrients needed, lean pigs are no different from other types of pigs, but in the practice of breeding, the pigs of the lean type can't be completely reared with normal pigs. First, lean pigs, especially three-way hybrid lean pigs, have high daily gains and fast growth, and therefore require more nutrients. When any kind of nutrients is not satisfied, the potential for high yield cannot be fully realized. The protein needed by the pig must be satisfied from the feed. Therefore, it is particularly important for the three-way hybrid lean pigs to provide a wide range of feed sources, especially protein feed supplements. Proteins are composed of amino acids. Protein nutrition is essentially amino acid nutrition. There are 10 amino acids called porcine essential amino acids, and any one of them will reduce the biological value of the entire protein. In addition, lean-type pigs have a flat belly line, a smaller stomach capacity than native pigs, and often have poorer appetite than other pigs. Therefore, we must pay attention to feed processing modulation, improve palatability, but all types of loose juicy bad feed and rough feed ratio can not be too large to ensure nutritional needs.
In short, the growth of commercial fattening pigs and the lean meat percentage of the carcasses are determined by the combination of good and bad breeds, feeding and management techniques and feed nutrient levels. Therefore, to promote the three-way hybrid lean pigs, we must actively adopt advanced science and technology on the basis of selecting good breeds, and constantly improve the level of feeding and management in light of local actual conditions.
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